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Fig. 2. msx1 expression is increased by inhibiting Bmp signaling in
Xenopus embryos. One blastomere of an eight- to 16-cell stage embryo
was injected with CM-Bmp4 mRNA (A,B) or 
Bmpr mRNA (D), or a bead soaked
with noggin was grafted near the neural fold of a stage 11 embryo (C), and the
expression of msx1 was analyzed at stage 17. Anterior is towards the
right; the injected side was recognized by FLDx staining and the operated side
by the bead, both are indicated by an arrowhead. (A) CM-Bmp4 mRNA (250 pg).
Note the stronger expression in the injected side. (B) CM-Bmp4 mRNA (500 pg).
Note the stronger and expanded expression in the injected side. (C) Embryo
grafted with a noggin soaked with 100 µg/ml of noggin (asterisk). Note the
expansion in expression at the grafted side. (D) Bmp4 mRNA (500 pg).
Note the stronger and expanded expression in the injected side. (E) Summary of
the results. The expression of msx1 was analyzed for each embryo
comparing the injected and uninjected side. Total number of embryos is 450.
Brackets indicate the domain of msx1 expression at the hindbrain
level.
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