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Fig. 1. Analysis of mandible structure in Ednra–/–
embryos. E18.5 wild-type (Ednra+/+; A,C,E,G,I) and
Ednra–/– (B,D,F,H,J) embryos. (A,B) Unlike
wild-type embryos (A), the lower jaw of an
Ednra–/– embryo is shortened and is covered by
vibrissae (asterisks in inset in B denote follicles; arrows denote actual
vibrissae) (B). (C-J) Alizarin Red and Alcian Blue staining to visualize bone
and cartilage structures, respectively. (C,D) In a lateral view, the mandible
in Ednra–/– embryos appears shortened and
flattened (D) compared with that of the wild-type embryo (C). This bone, the
pseudo-maxilla (mx*) is aberrantly connected to the jugal bone (j) through a
bone resembling a duplicated jugal (j*). Incisors (i) of
Ednra–/– embryos are present (inset in D) but
are set primarily in mesenchyme. (E,F) A ventral view shows bilateral foramina
in the pseudo-maxilla of Ednra–/– embryos (F)
as well as the presence of incisors (insets). (G,H) Removal of other
structures emphasizes the mirror image appearance of the pseudo-maxilla and
pseudo-jugal bones in Ednra–/– embryos (H).
(I,J) A frontal view of the pseudo-maxilla shown in H shows pseudo-palatine
bones (pl*) attached to the pseudo-maxilla in
Ednra–/– embryos (J). (K,L) Two views of the
alisphenoid bone in wild-type (Ednra+/+;bottom) and
Ednra–/– (top) embryos. Both the ala
temporalis (at) and lamina obturans (lo) regions of the alisphenoid appear to
be duplicated in Ednra–/– embryos. at*,
duplicated ala temporalis; bs, basisphenoid; lo*, duplicated lamina obturans;
h, hyoid.
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