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Fig. 2. Localization of active BMP and TGFß signal transduction in the developing kidney. Nuclear immunohistochemical staining for phospho-Smad1 (pSmad1) and phospho-Smad2 (pSmad2) identifies cells actively responding to BMP and TGFß signals, respectively. At E11.5 (A,B), activation is mainly within the metanephric mesenchyme, with responding cells disseminated throughout the mesenchyme. The ureteric bud contains a small number of positive cells. At E12.5 (C,D), pathway activation is predominantly within the peripheral and mature stroma. Few positive cells are seen in nephrogenic mesenchyme and collecting ducts. At E13.5 (E,F), activation is seen in peripheral and mature stroma. Nephrogenic mesenchyme and epithelial structures such as comma-shaped bodies show little staining. Tips and trunks of collecting ducts show activation. (G) RT-PCR for expression of components of the TGFß superfamily pathway in (K) E11.5 kidneys and (E) control E17.5 embryos. CD, collecting duct; CB, comma-shaped body; Mes, metanephric mesenchyme; MS, mature stroma; NM, nephrogenic mesenchyme; TR, collecting duct trunk; UB, ureteric bud.





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