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First published online September 30, 2004

Development 131, 2003e (2004)
© The Company of Biologists Limited
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In this issue

Of mice and flies


Morphogens act through only a few signalling pathways but elicit many different cellular responses during development. In their investigation of how morphogens accomplish this, Brugger and colleagues identify a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-responsive element in the mouse Msx2 gene, a target of BMP signalling (see p. 5153). Consensus Smad-binding sites and a consensus homeodomain sequence within the 52-bp core of this element are both needed for general BMP responsiveness in mouse cells and embryos; ancillary elements mediate signalling in diverse developmental settings. The sequence of the minimal BMP-responsive element, although conserved in mammals, is absent from other vertebrates and non-vertebrates. Even so, provided both Smad and homeodomain sites are present, the core Msx2 BMP-responsive element responds to Dpp signals when introduced into Drosophila embryos. Thus, synergistic interactions between homeodomain and Smad-related proteins may be an ancient mechanism for mediating the transcriptional activation of BMP/Dpp-regulated genes.


Related articles in Development:

A phylogenetically conserved cis-regulatory module in the Msx2 promoter is sufficient for BMP-dependent transcription in murine and Drosophila embryos
Sean M. Brugger, Amy E. Merrill, Jesus Torres-Vazquez, Nancy Wu, Man-Chun Ting, Jane Y.-M. Cho, Sonia L. Dobias, Soyun E. Yi, Karen Lyons, Jeffery R. Bell, Kavita Arora, Rahul Warrior, and Robert Maxson
Development 2004 131: 5153-5165. [Abstract] [Full Text]  




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