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Fig. 4. E12.5 (A-C',D') and E15.5 (E-H') coronal sections through control (A-H) and Id4-/- (A'-H') mutant cortex. Markers of cell cycle used are: proliferating cells, PCNA (A,A',D'); S-phase, BrdU pulse (B,B',H,H'); and M-phase, PH3 (C,C',G,G'). (B,B') The G-phase zone is indicated by the distance between the arrowheads; yellow dashes indicate the ventricular surface. (D') High magnification image of PCNA staining (red), double labeled with DAPI (blue) to visualize all nuclei. At E15.5, ectopically positioned Ngn2- and NeuroD-expressing cells were detected outside of the VZ and SVZ (arrowheads in E',F'). Immunofluorescence analysis was performed using antibodies against PH3 and BrdU (following a 45-minute labelling pulse) in littermate control and Id4 null animals (arrowheads in G',H' indicate ectopically proliferating cells). BrdU is shown in green and DAPI in blue (H,H'). Arrow in H' indicates increased BrdU labeling in the Id4-/- SVZ at E15.5. LV, lateral ventricle; hp, hippocampus; ctx, neocortex; LGE, lateral ganglionic eminence; CGE, caudal ganglionic eminence; VZ, ventricular zone; SVZ, subventricular zone.





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