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Fig. 3. Disrupted neuronal migration in 
3 integrin deficient cortex. Neurons
in wild-type and mutant E15-E16 cortices were labeled with BAPTA green.
Labeled cells in the intermediate zone of the slices, migrating in radial
direction (A,B), towards the ventricular zone (C,D) or in tangential
orientation (E,F) were repeatedly monitored. (A,C,E,G) In wild-type cortex,
neurons migrated radially, tangentially and towards the ventricular zone at an
average rate of 27±3.2 µm/hour, 43.5±5.4 µm/hour and
43±3.9 µm/hour, respectively. Arrowheads in A,C,E indicate sample
migrating wild-type cells. (B,F,G) In 3ß1 integrin-deficient
cortex, the rates of radial and tangential migration of neurons were
significantly reduced to 16±1.6 µm/hour, 29±3.1 µm/hour,
respectively. By contrast, no significant differences were noticed in the rate
of ventricular zone directed neuronal migration (C,D; wild type, 43±3.9
µm/hour; mutant, 37±4.1 µm/hour). Arrows in B,D,F indicate sample
migrating 3 integrin mutant cells. n=80 for radial wild type
and mutant; n=80 for tangential wild type, n=75 for mutant;
n=50 for wild type, ventricular zone directed, n=20 for
mutant. Data shown are mean±s.e.m.; asterisk (G), significant when
compared with controls at P<0.01 (Student's t-test). Time
elapsed since the beginning of observations are indicated in minutes. P and V,
direction of the pial and ventricular surfaces, respectively. Scale bar: 50
µm in A-D; 40 µm in E,F. (Also see the Figs S2, S3 and Movies 1, 2 in
the supplementary material.)
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