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Fig. 5. Deficient actin dynamics in
3 integrin mutant cortical cells. E14
cortical cells were electroporated with EGFP-actin and time-lapse images of
the actin cytoskeleton at the leading edges was recorded after 48 hours. The
actin cytoskeleton of the tips of the wild-type cells shows very active
remodeling (A; see actin microspikes in regions marked with arrowheads,
v indicates dynamic changes in their assembly and disassembly). (C)
Higher magnification view of the outlined area in A. Arrows indicate actin
microspikes undergoing remodeling. By contrast, actin cytoskeleton of leading
edges of the
3-deficient cells display significantly reduced dynamic
activity (B; compare actin microspikes in regions marked with arrowheads,
compare v with similarly marked actin microspikes in A). (D) Higher
magnification view of the outlined area in B. Arrows indicate actin
microspikes that are considerably less dynamic than those from wild-type
cells. (E) Re-expression of
3 integrin rescued actin dynamics deficits
in
3 integrin mutant cells. Arrow indicates an actin microspike
undergoing dynamic remodeling at the leading edge of an
3 mutant cell
transfected with
3 integrin DNA. Time elapsed since the beginning of
observations is indicated in minutes. Scale bar: 10 µm in A,B; 3 µm in
C-E. (Also see Movies 5-7 in the supplementary material.)