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Fig. 3. Neural crest cells display a wide variety of cell shape and number and
length of filopodial and lamellipodial extensions. Static confocal images of
typical neural crest cells within migratory streams show different features,
including numerous long and short filopodia extending from all areas around
the neural crest cell and shorter lamellipodial protrusions of various shapes
extending from the cell body. (A) A typical hairy cell displays many long and
short filopodia. The extensions course off in many different directions and
cover a wide region in the environment near the cell body. The length of a
filopodium may extend up to 100 µm. The embryo was injected with
Gap43-EGFP, electroporated and re-incubated for 12 hours. (B) A typical
bipolar cell within a neural crest cell stream (r4 stream). The cell displays
a long, forward extending filopodium that intertwines around local and
non-local neighboring neural crest cells. The trailing filopodium may extend
as long as the forward protrusion. The embryo was co-injected with Gap43-EGFP
(green) and H2B-MRFP (red) and electroporated to label the cell plasma
membranes and nuclei, respectively, and re-incubated for 12 hours. (C) The
neural crest cell displays an outstretched filopodium in the direction of the
destination branchial arch along the flow of the migratory stream (r6 stream).
The filopodium on this cell has many substructures along its length that
resemble spines. These shorter protrusions are directed perpendicularly from
the main filopodial branch. The embryo was injected with Gap43-EGFP,
electroporated and re-incubated for 12 hours. Scale bars: 10 µm.
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