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Fig. 7. Smad2 phosphorylation and TGFß1 protein expression in tie-1-Cre/TßRIIfl/fl and tie-1-Cre/ALK5fl/fl double transgenic mutant yolk sacs. PSmad2 was analysed by immunohistochemistry in sectioned whole mounts of both untreated (A-C) and TGFß1-treated (D-F) yolk sacs. Phosphorylation of Smad2 was observed in wild-type yolk sacs (A,D). In the yolk sacs of tie-1-Cre/TßRIIfl/fl (B) and tie-1-Cre/ALK5fl/fl (C) mice, PSmad2 was not present in the mesothelial cell layer (green arrow) but phosphorylation of Smad2 was restored after TGFß1 treatment (E,F, green arrows) for 1 hour. To determine the expression of functional Cre in vivo, lacZ expression was analysed in double transgenic yolk sacs. ß-Gal staining was observed in the endothelial cells of tie-1-Cre/TßRIIfl/fl (B and E, red arrows) and tie-1-Cre/ALK5fl/fl (not shown). TGFß1 protein expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry on whole-mount staining of yolk sacs from (G) wild-type, (H) tie-1-Cre/TßRIIfl/fl mutant embryos and (I) tie-1-Cre/ALK5fl/fl mutant embryos. In wild-type yolk sacs, normal expression of TGFß1 was observed in the endothelial (black arrow) and mesothelial (green arrow) cell layers, while in both tie-1-Cre/TßRIIfl/fl and tie-1-Cre/ALK5fl/fl mutant yolk sacs, TGFß1 was no longer detected in the mesothelial cell layer (green arrows). Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: EC, endothelial cell layer; end, endoderm; mes, mesothelial cell layer.





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