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Fig. 6. BMP signaling decreases neuron numbers in vivo and in vitro. (A) Neuron
numbers in the trigeminal ganglion and DRG of K14-noggin animals and the DRG
of the K14-BMP4 animals normalized to their respective wild-type controls for
each ganglion. Neuron numbers were significantly increased in the trigeminal
and dorsal root ganglia of the K14-noggin animals, but significantly reduced
in the DRGs of K14-BMP4 animals. The mean and s.e.m. of seven wild-type and
seven transgenic ganglia are shown. *P<0.02;
**P<0.01; ***P<0.015. (B)
Preferential increase of the smaller size neuronal population in K14-noggin
trigeminal ganglia. The means and s.e.m. of three wild-type and four
transgenic ganglia are shown. *P<0.05;
**P<0.005. (C) Effects of BMP4 and NGF on cultured
trigeminal neurons. E10 trigeminal ganglia were dissociated, and 600 cells
were plated per well in the presence of BDNF (5 ng/ml). Six hours after
plating, some cultures were treated with BMP4 (30 ng/ml), NGF (10 ng/ml), or
both, or with additional BDNF (10 ng/ml). Cell numbers were counted 72 hours
later and are expressed as mean±s.e.m. per dish. Note that BMP4
treatment reduced cell survival. Treatment with NGF but not additional BDNF
prevented the BMP4-mediated cell death (*P<0.04 using
ANOVA).
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