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Fig. 3. Feminization of early cellular events in the fkh-6 male gonad. (A-D) Left, Z1/Z4 cell lineages; right, schematics of early gonadogenesis; L1, first larval stage; L2, second larval stage; a, anterior daughter; p, posterior daughter; AC, anchor cell; LC, linker cell; DTC, distal tip cell. Open arrows, size asymmetry of Z1/Z4 divisions in the wild-type males. In all schematics, Z1 and Z4 are black, and their daughters are either light grey (Z1.a, Z4.p) or dark grey (Z1.p, Z4.a). (A) Wild-type hermaphrodite. Z1 and Z4 produce daughter cells of similar size. Z1.a and Z4.p generate DTCs, while either Z1.p or Z4.a generates an AC. (B) fkh-6 hermaphrodite. Z1/Z4 early lineage appears normal, but is delayed relative to wild type (n=2). (C) Wild-type male. Z1 and Z4 divide asymmetrically to generate daughter cells with a pronounced size asymmetry (open arrows). Z1.p and Z4.a migrate anteriorly, and one or the other generates a LC. (D) fkh-6 male. Z1 and Z4 do not produce daughters with a dramatic size difference (n=8), Z1.p and Z4.a do not migrate anteriorly (n=8), and Z1.a/Z4.p were able to divide (broken lines, 3/6 cells examined). In animals with Z1.a/Z4.p divisions, extra DTCs were observed. (E,F) DIC micrographs of L1 developing gonad. (E) Wild-type male. Z1.a is smaller than Z1.p. Z4.p (out of focal plane) is similarly smaller than Z4.a. (F) fkh-6 (q641) male. Z4.a and Z4.p are about the same size; Z1.a and Z1.p (out of focal plane) also are similar in size.

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