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Fig. 2. Analysis of rhomboid function during embryogenesis using RNA interference. (A) High concentrations of rhomboid-1 dsRNA were important in maximizing penetrance, with 2 mg/ml dsRNA yielding most penetrant phenocopies. A-C show the percentage of injected embryos that hatched. Essentially all rhomboid-1-injected embryos that did not hatch had missing row 1 denticles, polarity reversal of row 4 denticles, and occasional belt fusions characteristic of the spitz group denticle phenotype. (B) Although dsRNA corresponding to both rhomboid-1 and sprouty caused lethality with strong phenotypic effects, none of the remaining rhomboids yielded any discernible phenotypes when inactivated in wild-type embryos. UN, uninjected embryos; buf, those injected with buffer only. (C) Injection of dsRNAs corresponding to rhomboid-2 and -4 into rhomboid-3 null embryos did not produce lethality, or discernible modification of the denticle phenotype resulting from co-injecting rhomboid-1 dsRNA. Note that co-injecting rhomboid-1 dsRNA with other dsRNAs resulted in decreased lethality because it reduced the concentration of rhomboid-1 dsRNA. Injection of rhomboid-1, or rhomboid-3 rhomboid-1 double mutant embryos resulted in 25% lethality because of the lethal phenotype of mutated rhomboid-1 (present in 25% of embryos derived from a cross between heterozygous parents), but no enhancement of the spitz group denticle phenotype was evident when rhomboid-2 and -4 dsRNA was injected (not shown). (D) Phenotypic analysis of wild-type embryos injected with rhomboid-1 dsRNA (white bars), rhomboid-3 null embryos injected with rhomboid-1 dsRNA (grey bars), and rhomboid-3 null embryos injected with only buffer (black bars). Only embryos injected with buffer displayed wild-type cuticles, while embryos injected with rhomboid-1 dsRNA displayed spitz group cuticle phenotypes. Strikingly, injection of rhomboid-3 null embryos with rhomboid-1 dsRNA produced a marked increase in denticle belt fusions compared to wild-type embryos injected with rhomboid-1 dsRNA.





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