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Fig. 7. XFlop is required for normal gastrulation movements and the formation of
axial structures. (A) Control (blue) and XFlop-depleted (oligo 5s, 10
ng/oocyte, brown) embryos, shown when the controls were at the mid-gastrula
stage (stage 11). Note, XFlop depletion caused delayed blastopore closure.
(B,C) Later defects caused by depletion of the maternal XFlop mRNA,
ranging from open neural folds and poorly formed axial structures in 50% of
cases (B, n=10), to distorted body axes in the other 50% (C,
n=9). (D,E) Overexpression of XFlop interferes with epiboly and
gastrulation movements. (D) Embryos at the end of gastrulation that were
injected with either 500 pg ß-galactosidase mRNA only (upper embryo), or
with 500 pg ß-galactosidase mRNA and 100 pg XFlop mRNA, into a
single animal cytoplasm at the eight-cell stage. In control embryos, the blue
ß-galactosidase stain has spread around the embryo surface as epiboly of
the animal cap cells takes place. In XFlop mRNA-injected embryos, the
clone from the injected animal cell has failed to undergo epiboly. (E) The
same experiment that is shown in D shown in bleached and mid-sagitally
bisected embryos. (F-I) Real-time RT-PCR analysis for early zygotic markers of
germ layer specification and dorsal axis formation. See text for details.
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