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Fig. 1. Distribution of Foxa1 and Foxa2 in mouse UGS. (A) Foxa1 (green) is expressed in E18 mouse UGE (asterisk). (B) Ck14 staining (red) reveals peripheral basal epithelial layers. (C) Triple immunofluorescence merges from A and B, plus DAPI. (D) Nuclear Foxa1 staining (inset) is seen in 6-week-old mature prostate epithelium. (E) E18 UGE expresses Foxa2 (green nuclear staining) with strongest level in peripheral basal epithelium. Inset shows entire UGS counterstained with DAPI. (F) Same basal epithelial cells express Shh (red signal on cell-membrane). (G) Merges of E and F. (H) In E21 UGS, Ptch1 (green) is expressed in both UGE and mesenchymal cells (arrow). Arrowhead indicates Ptch1-expressing nascent prostatic buds. (I) Shh is co-expressed in E21 UGE and nascent epithelial buds (arrowhead). (J) Merges of H and I. (K) E21 UGS double stained for AR (green) and SMA (red). SMA-expressing cells are the same population expressing Ptch1 (arrow). (L) E21 UGS double-stained for AR (green) and Ck14 (red). (M) E21 UGS double-stained for Ck8 (red) and p63 (green). (N) ß-Catenin (red) is expressed in both epithelium and surrounding mesenchyme in E18 UGS, with strongest signal detected in the peripheral epithelium (arrowhead). (O) E18 UGS stained for p63. (P) Magnified merges of N and O. (Q,R) In situ hybridization. Foxa1 and Foxa2 are expressed in P1 prostate rudiments (arrows, parasagittal sections). Insets show strongly stained epithelial buds (arrowheads in R). (S,T) Foxa1, but not Foxa2, is expressed in mature glands. BL, Bladder.





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