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Fig. 7. Axon dynamics in the retina under NrCAM inhibition. (A,B) Time plots of RGC axon growth in E4.5 flat-mounted retinae in the presence of (A) non-specific F(ab) fragments (axons C1-C25) or (B) NrCAM F(ab) fragments (axons N1-N30). Growth (forward movement >3 µm), pauses (movement <3 µm), and retractions (backward movement >3 µm) were determined every 2 minutes. Under NrCAM inhibition, the frequency of long pauses (>12 minutes) almost doubled compared with under control conditions (7 and 12, respectively, in 50 minutes). The proportion of axons that retract is much higher under NrCAM inhibition compared with under control conditions (15 and 1, respectively). (C) The overall growth cone advance (observed over a period of 50 minutes) is significantly reduced by NrCAM inhibition when compared with controls. The elongation rate itself (measured during the growth phases of the axons) is not significantly changed. (D) The duration of growth phases under NrCAM inhibition is decreased compared with controls, and the duration of pauses under NrCAM inhibition is increased compared with controls. Error bars represent s.d. P≤0.05.





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