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Fig. 5. Enhanced apoptosis, decreased proliferation and impaired glia development
in Ndst1–/– embryos. (A,B) Apoptosis is
significantly enhanced in the forebrains of mutant embryos. Skin (arrowhead)
serves as a positive control. (A) TUNEL staining reveals very high levels of
cell death (blue nuclei) in the neopallial cortex (arrow) of E15.5
Ndst1–/– embryos, a region expressing
Ndst1 at high levels (Fig.
1L). (B) Wild-type littermate controls. (C) Cells residing in the
ependymal and ventricular layers of the diencephalon in
Ndst1–/– embryos also undergo apoptosis. (D)
Wild-type littermate control. v, ventricle. Horizontal sections. (E,F)
Proliferation (brown stain) in a E17.5 mutant (F) embryo compared with the
wild type (E) lateral telencephalic wall. In mutant mice, the proliferative
rate is reduced in the lateral telencephalic wall of the brain (F), and
dividing cells are more clustered within the VZ if compared with the wild
type. Horizontal sections. (G,H) Reduced Gfap (red) staining indicating lower
numbers of glia cells in mutant E18.5 forebrain (H). The wild-type brain (G)
shows presence of those cells, which provide a scaffold for lateral neural
cell migration from the ventricular zone. Scale bars: 50 µm. Horizontal
sections. (I) Quantitation of apoptotic cells of the neopallial cortex (1,
inset) and the ependymal layer (2) of the dorsal part of the third ventricle
of three mutant and wild-type embryos. (J) Quantitation of BrdU positive
nuclei in the posterior (3), anterior (4), lateral (5) and medial (6)
telencephalic ventricular zones of three mutant and wild-type E17.5 embryos.
Horizontal sections. A moderate reduction in proliferation could only be
observed in the lateral area of Ndst1–/–
embryos. Coronal sections also revealed similar proliferative rates in the
medial and parietal cortex of wild-type and mutant embryos (not shown).
Analysis of three E15.5 mutant and wild-type embryos showed no differences in
proliferation (not shown).
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