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Fig. 4. Temporal control of neuronal differentiation in the fly eye. (A) Simplified diagram of the InR/Tor pathways. (B) Differentiation in the fly eye disc occurs in a temporal gradient from anterior to posterior, as demonstrated by the expression of differentiation markers (anterior is towards the left). Blue marks early fates, red marks intermediate and yellow indicates expression of late identities. Disruptions in Tor/InR signaling alter this temporal progression. (C,D) Loss-of-function mutations in pten cause the precocious expression of neuronal differentiation markers, including Bar. A pten–/– cell clone, marked by loss of GFP expression (C) and outlined in D, expresses the neuronal transcription factor Bar (red) ahead of the normal differentiation front (D, broken line). Similar precocious expression is caused by overexpression of a PI3K subunit. By contrast, loss of InR, PI3K or Tor activity delays differentiation. See Bateman and McNeill (Bateman and McNeill, 2004) for further details. PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 kinase; PIP2 and PIP3, phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-diphosphate and (3,4,5)-triphosphate, respectively; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homology; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex. Reproduced, with permission, from Bateman and McNeill (Bateman and McNeill, 2004).





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