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Fig. 5. Altered cellular processes in the Shox2-/- palatal
shelves. (A,B) PCNA staining on coronal sections of E12.5 wild-type (A) and
Shox2-/- (B) palate shows significantly decreased level of
cell proliferation in the anterior region of the Shox2-/-
palate. (C,D) The TUNEL assay on coronal sections of E13.5 wild-type (C) and
Shox2-/- (D) palate exhibits an increased level of cell
apoptosis (arrows) in the anterior palatal epithelium of the Shox2
mutant. (E) Comparison of PCNA-positive cells in a fixed area of palate in
wild-type and Shox2 mutant embryos. The number of PCNA-positive cells in the
mutant type palatal apex epithelium (mean=22.7), as marked by arrows in A,B,
is greatly reduced when compared with that in the wild type (mean=72.3)
(P<0.0005). The number of PCNA-positive cells in the mutant
palatal mesenchyme (mean=17.5), as counted within the large square in A,B, is
reduced to about 30% when compared with that in the wild type (mean=65.6)
(P<0.0005). However, the number of PCNA-positive cells in the
laterally adjacent maxillary mesenchyme where Shox2 is not expressed,
as counted within the small square in A,B, is similar between the wild type
and the mutant (P>0.5). Standard deviation values were indicated
for the error bars.
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