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Fig. 8. Regulation of Shox2 expression in the developing palatal mesenchyme. (A-C) Shox2 expression (arrow) remains in the anterior palatal mesenchyme of an E11.5 palatal shelf after 24 hours in organ culture (A), but is not detected in the mesenchyme of an E11.5 de-epithelialized palatal shelf after 24 hours in organ culture (B). Shox2 expression (arrow) is maintained/induced in E11.5 palatal mesenchyme recombined a piece of anterior palatal epithelium from a donor palatal shelf of the same stage (C). (C, inset) A section through a recombinant sample shows Shox2 expression in the palatal mesenchyme immediately adjacent to the donor epithelium indicated by an asterisk. (D-F) At E12.5 Shox2 is expressed in the anterior palatal mesenchyme (arrowheads) of the palatal shelves with (D) or without (E) palatal epithelium after 24 hours in organ culture. Ectopic Shox2 expression (arrow) is induced in the mesenchyme of the posterior palatal shelf by an epithelium from the anterior region of the E12.5 palatal shelf after 24 hours in organ culture (F). Arrows in D-F indicate the posterior region of the cultured palatal shelves. (G-I) Shox2 expression is not altered by application of either BSA (G) or anti-Shh antibodies (H) in the anterior mesenchyme of the E11.5 palatal shelves, but is downregulated by Noggin beads after 24 hours in organ culture (I). b, bead.

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