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First published online January 14, 2005

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XPACE4: regulating TGFß signalling by cleavage

Mesoderm specification in early Xenopus embryos involves several TGFß family members, including zygotically expressed nodal-related (Xnr) proteins 1-6 and maternally inherited Vg1. On p. 591, Birsoy et al. report that maternal XPACE4, a pro-protein convertase enzyme, plays an important role in embryonic patterning by regulating the production of a subset of mature TGFß proteins during Xenopus development. The researchers show that XPACE4 is stored as maternal mRNA in the mitochondrial cloud and vegetal hemisphere of the oocyte, and that XPACE4 activity is required for the endogenous mesoderm-inducing activity of vegetal cells before gastrulation. The researchers also provide a comprehensive survey of the effect of XPACE4 depletion on the cleavage spectra of seven TGFßs - Xnr1-3, Vg1, Xnr5, Derrière and ActivinB - present in embryo lysates and blastocoel fluids. They report that XPACE4 cleaves Xnr1-3 and Vg1 but not Xnr5, Derrière or ActivinB.

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XPACE4 is a localized pro-protein convertase required for mesoderm induction and the cleavage of specific TGFß proteins in Xenopus development

Bilge Birsoy, Linnea Berg, P. Huw Williams, James C. Smith, Christopher C. Wylie, Jan L. Christian, and Janet Heasman
Development 2005 132: 591-602. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Related articles in Development Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Search for Related Content Social Bookmarking                         What's this?