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Fig. 7. CNTF is sufficient to promote the formation and maintenance of the VZ precursor differentiation gradient in the LGE. (A) Schematic overview of the E14.5 explant culture experiment (see Results for details). (B-D) The number of mitotically active precursors, indicated by pHH3 expression, in the LGE of CNTF-treated explants (C,D; 234±27) was significantly increased relative to basal media explants (B,D; 132±19; paired t-test **P=0.009; n=5). (E-G) GSH2 expression in normal E14.5 embryos (E) was expressed throughout the VZ. The number of GSH2+ cells was 51% higher in the VZ of the CNTF treated explants (G) relative to the basal media condition (F; paired t-test *P=0.03; n=4). (H-J) A gradient of increasing MASH1 expression from VZ to SVZ was present in normal E14.5 embryos (H). This MASH1 gradient was absent in the basal media-treated explants, in which MASH1 expression was localized in the VZ region (I; n=5). The MASH1 VZ to SVZ gradient was restored in CNTF-treated explants (J; n=5). (K-M) A gradient of increasing DLX1 expression from VZ to SVZ was observed in normal E14.5 embryos (K). The DLX1 gradient was absent in basal media-treated explants (L; n=5) and this defect was rescued in the CNTF-treated explants (M; n=5). A NOTCH1 gradient was present at E14.5 where the highest expressing cells were at the ventricular surface (N). The gradient was lost and replaced with clustered NOTCH1+ cells in basal media explants (O), but restored in CNTF-treated explants (P; n=5). MASH1 expression was normally excluded from the highest NOTCH1-expressing cells in the gradient at the ventricular surface (Q). CNTF treatment maintained high NOTCH1- and MASH1-expressing cells as largely separate populations in opposing gradients (R,S). Arrows indicate regions of robust immunoreactivity. Scale bars: in B, 100 µm for B,C; in E, 50 µm for E-M; in N, 50 µm for N-S.





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