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Fig. 8. Malformations in the atrioventricular junction of Cited2-null embryos. (A) Semi-transparent view of a 14.5 dpc Cited2-null heart, annotated in B. The cranial parts of the ventricles and atria have been removed from the model. A single atrioventricular ostium opens solely into the left ventricle (LV), guarded by leaflets (V) of a single atrioventricular valve. (C) An equivalent view obtained by modeling a normal heart. (D,D') Atrioventricular junction of a Cited2-null embryo, seen from the atrium after removal of the dorsal atrial wall. The atrioventricular valve has only one leaflet (brown, asterisk) and the opens into the left ventricle (arrowhead). (E,E') Atrioventricular junction of a Cited2-null heart, viewed from ventral side after removal of the apical parts of the ventricle walls and the ventricle septum (VS). The right (RV) and left (LV) ventricle differ in volume and there is only a single opening of the atrioventricular ostium (yellow, arrowhead) into the LV. LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; MC, median chamber of atrium; PV, pulmonary vein; LSC, left superior vena cava; IVC, inferior vena cava; R L, right-left axis.





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