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Fig. 4. Vulva cell migration defects are caused by ectopic expression of
smp-1. Observations use DIC microscopy (A,B,E) and the AJM-1::GFP
reporter (C,D) (see Materials and methods). (A,B) Lateral views with anterior
towards the left; (C) top-down projection from a 3D confocal image. D, dorsal;
P, posterior; unlabelled arrow indicates left-right depth. (D,E) Ventral
views, anterior towards the left. (A,B) Animals carrying the
plx-1p::SMP-1 transgene display vulva morphology defects (B) when
compared with wild-type animals (A). In plx-1p::SMP-1 transgenic
animals, vulva cells from each side frequently (see
Table 1) fail to migrate
towards the presumptive vulva midline, forming two invaginations (arrowheads
in B) as seen in smp-1 and plx-1 mutants. (C) Three
dimensional image reconstructions of the GFP signal from the AJM-1::GFP
reporter in animals carrying the plx-1p::SMP-1 transgene (see
Materials and methods) reveal vulva cells from the anterior and posterior
sides that do not complete their migration to form a vulva ring (arrows).
(D,E) In smp-1(ev715) animals carrying the plx-1p::SMP-1
transgene, frequent widely separated multiple invaginations are observed on
both anterior and posterior sides of the presumptive vulva (arrows). Scale
bars: in A, 25 µm for A-B, D-E; in C, 8 µm for C.
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