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Fig. 3. The scapular blade is severely affected in Tbx15/Gli3 and
Alx4/Cart1/Tbx15 compound mutants. (A-N) Skeletal
staining of the shoulder girdle of E16.5 embryos. Black arrowheads
(B,D,F,I,K-N) indicate the reduced acromion in Tbx15/Gli3
and Alx4/Cart1/Tbx15 mutants; white arrowheads (C) indicate
the indentations in the scapular blade of Gli3 mutants; black arrows
(H-J,M) indicate the reduction of the anterior part of the scapular blade in
Alx3/Alx4, Alx4/Cart1 and
Alx4/Cart1/Tbx15 compound mutants. Note the
severely reduced acromion and the remaining posterior part of the scapular
blade in the
Alx4–/–Cart1–/–Tbx15–/–
mutant shoulder girdle (N). (O,P) Side view of the intact skeleton of
wild-type (O) and
Alx4–/–/Cart1–/–/Tbx15–/–
(P) embryos at E16.5. Green arrowhead in O indicates the clavicle, which is
missing in Alx4/Cart1/Tbx15 mutants (green
arrowhead in P). Red arrowhead indicates the scapula; black arrowhead
indicates the acromion. (Q-V) Clavicles of
Alx3/Alx4/Cart1/Tbx15 compound mutants.
The clavicle size is slightly reduced in Alx3/Alx4 double
mutants (T), but only a small remnant of the clavicle is visible in
Alx4/Cart1 (U) and
Alx4–/–Cart1–/–Tbx15+/–
mutants (V). (W) Schematic representation of the elements of the shoulder
girdle. (X) Schematic representation of the distinct functions of
Alx4/Cart1 (red), Gli3 (blue) and Tbx15
(green) during shoulder girdle development. Alx4, Cart1 and
Tbx15 (red/green) have functions during clavicle development.
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