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Fig. 4. Potential mechanisms involved in epithelial repair in the trachea and
main bronchi. Clara-like cells are shown in blue, ciliated cells in green,
neuroendocrine cells in pink, basal cells in orange and mucous cells in
purple. Regions rich in blood vessels and nerves are indicated. Black line
represents the basal lamina. Smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts are not
shown. Putative regenerative cell populations are numbered 1-4. (1)
K14-positive cells: these are possibly basal cells that self-renew and give
rise to Clara cells and ciliated cells after destruction of Clara cells by
naphthalene. (2) Label-retaining cells, which have been identified in
submucosal gland ducts and in intercartilage regions. (3) Epithelial
cells in submucosal glands, which can regenerate the entire luminal epithelium
in grafts. (4) Clara cells, which can replace ciliated cells damaged by
oxidants.
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