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Fig. 1. BDM exposure late in the first cell cycle produces counterclockwise
torsion of blastomeres during first cleavage. (A) Xenopus
embryos were immersed in 20 mmol/l BDM at 75 minutes post-fertilization (0.83
NT). In every embryo, each blastomere rotates relative to the other in a
counterclockwise direction, resulting in a characteristic chiral pattern.
(B) The counterclockwise twisting of the pigmented animal cortex of
each blastomere relative to the animal-vegetal axis of the embryo (black
arrows) produces an invariably counterclockwise torsion between blastomeres as
they cleave (blue arrows).