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Fig. 5. Reduction or loss of Dusp6 can result in skeletal dwarfism, altered growth plates, coronal craniosynostosis and delayed ossification of the phalanges. (A) Small Dusp6^+/L P10 pup (+/L) and wild-type (+/+) littermate. (B-E) Frontal sections (4 µm) of undecalcified P14 proximal tibia from wild-type and small Dusp6^L/L pups stained with silver nitrate and basic fuchsin. (B,C) The ossification, hypertrophic and proliferation zones are indicated. Higher magnification views of Toluidine Blue-stained sections of wild type (D) and mutant (E) growth plates. (F-I) Dorsal views (anterior is to the left) of Alizarin Red (bone) and Alcian Blue (cartilage)-stained skulls of P5 and P10 pups. Black arrows in F and H indicate the open coronal sutures in wild-type skulls and white arrows in G and I indicate the fused coronal sutures in small homozygous and heterozygous mutant pups, respectively. (J-M) Dorsal views of P0 and P5 control and small heterozygous or homozygous mutant autopod skeletons. (J,K) Right hands, black and gray arrows indicate the presence and absence, respectively, of the primary ossification center of the middle phalanx of the fifth digit. (L,M) Right feet, black and gray arrows indicate the presence and absence, respectively, of the primary ossification centers of the middle phalangeal ossification centers for digits 2-4. Age and genotype are indicted to the lower left and lower right of each panel, respectively. Scale bars: 0.5 mm in B,C; 0.2 mm in D,E. hz, hypertrophic zone; oz, ossification zone; pz, proliferation zone.

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