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Figure 1


Fig. 1. Overview of XY activity during spermatogenesis. Transcriptional activity of the X and Y chromosomes is shown, with green indicating high expression and orange indicating low expression. The X and Y chromosomes are transcriptionally active during type A, intermediate (In) and type B spermatogonial divisions. They remain active during leptotene and zygotene, although total nuclear transcription is low during this time. On entry into pachytene, BRCA1 and ATR coat the entire length of the unsynapsed regions of the X and Y axial elements, followed by the translocation of ATR to the surrounding chromatin, where H2AX phosphorylation and MSCI takes place. Following meiosis, X and Y chromosome repression is maintained and the X and Y chromosomes appear as heterochromatic domains called post-meiotic sex chromatin (PMSC). This is shown as the light-turquoise structure located next to the dark-turquoise chromocentre - the site at which centromeres cluster. Elong., elongated; sec., secondary.





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