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Figure 3


Fig. 2. Lipoprotein receptors mediate uptake of lipoprotein-bound cholesterol. (A) Vertebrate lipoproteins are taken up by the LDL receptor via binding of apolipoproteins B or E present in the shell of the lipoprotein particle. Following endocytosis, the receptor discharges the lipoprotein particle in endosomes before recycling back to the cell surface. Internalized apolipoproteins are degraded in lysosomes, while cholesterol enters the cellular membrane pool via the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or is converted into steroid hormones in mitochondria or is stored as cholesterol esters in cytoplasmic lipid droplets. The exit of cholesterol from lysosomes requires the activity of Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1), an integral membrane protein that acts as transporter for sterols. (B) C. elegans LRP-1 (Ce-LRP-1) also mediates the endocytic uptake of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins. Following release from endocytic compartments, cholesterol is converted into the steroid hormone gamravali, which blocks nuclear hormone receptor DAF-12-dependent induction of larval growth arrest. PM, plasma membrane.





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