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Fig. 4. Tcf4-/-; Lef1-/- mutant mice have
disrupted midfacial development and malformed teeth and tastebuds.
(A-D) Whole-mount view of E17.0 embryos with varying dosages of
Tcf4 and Lef1. (A) Tcf4 heterozygote embryos
(Tcf4+/-/Lef1+/+) are unaffected, and
epithelial specializations such as whiskers are present (black arrows), and
eyelid fusion occurs normally (yellow arrow). (B)
Tcf4+/+; Lef1-/- mutants have
disrupted whisker pattern (asterisk) and exhibit hypoplastic maxillae. (C)
Tcf4-/-; Lef1+/- mutants lack eyelids (yellow
arrow). (D) Tcf4-/-; Lef1-/- embryos show
evidence of a severely reduced maxillae, in addition to their lack of eyelids
and disrupted whisker primordia (yellow arrow and black asterisk).
(E-H) In a comparison of E16.0 wild type and Tcf4-/-;
Lef1-/- compound mutants, wild-type embryos (E,F) show fully
developed maxillae, an infranasal depression (dotted white line), and
correctly spaced nostrils (dotted red line). Note organized whisker primordia.
By contrast, Tcf4-/-; Lef1-/- embryos (G,H)
have a malformed frontonasal prominence and underdeveloped maxillae, which
results in an infranasal depression that looks more like a human philtrum
(dotted white line, red arrows). The nostrils are displaced laterally as a
consequence (dotted red line). Note disorganized whisker primordia and absence
of fused eyelids. (I-L) In a comparison of E15.0 wild-type and
Tcf4-/-; Lef1-/- embryos, wild-type embryos
(l,J) show fully developed maxillae and organized whisker primordia; the
infranasal depression (white dotted line, ind) is evident.
Tcf4-/-; Lef1-/- embryos (K,L) exhibit
hypoplastic maxillae and lack the infranasal depression (dotted white line);
note the absence of whisker primordia. Scale bar: 1 mm.
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