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Figure 8


Fig. 8. Model of Wnt-mediated signaling regulating species-specific facial morphogenesis. (A) At the phylotypic stage of development, murine and avian embryos have very similar facial features. (B,C) Our data suggest that species-specific patterns of Wnt responsiveness pre-date and predict regional growth within the facial prominences. For example, in embryos with an elongated frontonasal prominence (B), Wnt responsiveness (green) predominates in the midline, whereas in embryos with a compressed frontonasal region and expanded maxillary prominences (C), Wnt signaling (blue) dominates in the lateral regions and is absent from the midline. (D,E) Wnt responsiveness is predictive of areas of greater outgrowth. In avians (D), Wnt signaling is dominant in the frontonasal midline but in animals with muzzles or snouts (E), Wnt signaling is largely confined to the expanding lateral facial prominences. (F,G) When the facial prominences have assumed their species-specific morphology, Wnt signaling is maintained in regions of outgrowth. In avians (F), this area correlates to the apex of the upper beak, whereas in mice (G) it correlates to the expanding maxillary prominences.





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