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Fig. 1. The RhoGAP protein K09H11.3 is required to control membrane ruffling in
the early C. elegans embryo. (A) Pictures from time-lapse
studies of wild-type and K09H11.3 RNAi-treated embryos. K09H11.3 RNAi
treatment was performed by feeding dsRNA-expressing bacteria targeting the
RhoGAP domain containing the N-terminus of the K09H11.3 gene (rga-3).
Embryos are grown at 20°C and mounted for microscopy: anterior ruffling is
more pronounced in the RNAi-treated embryo (lower panel) than in the wild-type
embryo (upper panel). This exaggerated ruffling also persists longer in the
RNAi-treated embryo than in wild type. (B) Quantification of ruffles in
embryos up to pronuclear meeting (PNM) in wild type (n=8) and after
K09H11.3 RNAi treatment (n=13). The ruffles were counted from
time-lapse movies of individual embryos. The average number of ruffles per
embryo at a given time point is indicated. (C) Schematic drawing of
different RhoGAP-domain-containing proteins in humans (hs), Xenopus
laevis (Xl), C. elegans (Ce) and Saccharomyces
cerevisiae (Sc). The RhoGAP domain (green) is present in most RhoGAPs in
the more C-terminal part of the protein. RGA-3 and RGA-4 belong to a family of
uncharacterized RhoGAP-domain proteins, which carry the GAP domain at the
N-terminus of the protein. The SH2 domain, the C1 domain and the CRAL/Trio
domain are depicted in red, blue and yellow, respectively. Scale bar: 20
µm.