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Fig. 7. Model for the regulation of Vegfa expression during distal lung
vascular development by FGF9 and SHH signaling. (1-3) FGF9 signaling via
FGFR1 and FGFR2 stimulates SHH signaling
(White et al., 2006) and
Vegfa expression both in sub-mesothelial and sub-epithelial
mesenchymal layers. In the absence of SHH signaling, FGF9 has a stronger
affect on Vegfa expression in the sub-epithelial compartment (2)
compared with the sub-mesothelial compartment (3). (4) Epithelial SHH signals
to lung mesenchyme (Bellusci et al.,
1997a; Weaver et al.,
2003). SHH signaling is required for Vegfa expression and
subsequent vascular development both in sub-mesothelial mesenchyme (5) and
sub-epithelial mesenchyme (6; except for the inner-most cell layer, stippled
shading). HH signaling to Flk1-Cre+ endothelial cells is
not required for capillary development. (7) VEGF is a primary factor
regulating vascular growth in the developing lung. Distal capillaries are
denoted by red ovals located between sub-mesothelial and sub-epithelial
mesenchyme layers.