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Fig. 6. A model for redistribution of Dorsal between cytoplasm and nucleus as a
dynamic equilibrium between the activated Toll receptors and the nucleus in
Drosophila. Dorsal and Cactus are recruited and phosphorylated by
active Toll membrane receptor complexes on the ventral plasma membrane.
Phosphorylated Cactus is degraded and phosphorylated Dorsal translocates to
the nucleus. Within the nucleus it becomes dephosphorylated and is exported,
re-entering the cytoplasmic pool binding de novo synthesized Cactus. Dorsal is
again recruited to active receptor complexes and the cycle repeats itself.
Partial compartmentalization of the cytoplasm assures integration of the
signal from only local active signaling complexes and buffering from signaling
complexes associated with the plasma membrane in close proximity to adjacent
nuclei.