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Fig. 1. General mechanisms of axon guidance. The response of a growth cone
to signals in the environment depends on the complement of receptors it
expresses. (A) The growth cone will be unresponsive to external
guidance cues if it does not contain the relevant receptors to perceive a
gradient of either a chemoattractant (red) or of a chemorepellent (blue).
(B) If the growth cone expresses the appropriate chemorepellent
receptor (light blue), the activation of this receptor will result in the
local depolymerisation of the actin cytoskeleton, such that the growth cone
reorients away from the repellent. (C) Alternatively, activation of a
chemoattractant receptor (red) in the growth cone results in the stabilization
and extension of filopodia, such that the growth cone extends towards the
attractant. Schematic of growth cone modified with permission from Forscher
and Smith (Forscher and Smith,
1988).
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