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Fig. 3. Defects in muscle development, innervation and axon projections in
Hoxc10-/-/Hoxd10-/- double-mutant embryos.
(A) Cross-sections through mid-thigh and mid-shank of embryos stained
for muscle (MyoD) and nerve (neurofilament 165). Two muscles, the anterior
head of the biceps in the thigh and the extensor hallucis longus in the shank
(arrows) are missing in this
Hoxc10-/-/Hoxd10-/- mutant embryo. In the shank
of these mutants, innervation is completely lost from muscles of the anterior
group (A) and greatly reduced in the lateral group (L). (B) Whole-mount
neurofilament staining of axons in the hindlimb (lateral view, rostral is to
the left). Top panels show the contribution of spinal segments to the lumbar
(L) and sacral (S) plexii. In control embryos, segments L1-L3 contribute to
the lumbar plexus and L3-L5 to the sacral plexus. In double-mutant embryos,
axons in the two plexii were derived from more-caudal segments; L3 and L4
contributed to the lumbar plexus and L4 and L5 to the sacral plexus. Bottom
panels are higher magnification images showing that the dorsal peroneal nerve
(p) of the sacral plexus is missing in
Hoxc10-/-/Hoxd10-/- mutant embryos, whereas the
ventral tibial nerve (t) is still present. Arrowhead indicates a cutaneous
nerve. (C) Cross-sections of lumbar spinal cord and hindlimb, through
the sacral plexus, stained for β-III-tubulin. In control embryos, both
the dorsal (peroneal, p) and ventral (tibial, t) branches were present,
whereas in Hoxc10-/-/Hoxd10-/- mutants
only the ventral branch was detected. Scale bars: 200 µm.
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