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Fig. 1. Alpha cardiac actin is arginylated in vivo. (A) Areas of a
Coomassie-stained 2D gel of protein samples obtained by fractionation of whole
E12.5 mouse hearts from wild-type (+/+, top) and Ate1 knockout (-/-,
bottom) embryos under a shallow pH gradient (pH 4-8) to enable separation of
individual actin isoforms. pH increases from left to right. Arrowheads
indicate the position of spots that were used for the horizontal alignment of
the two gels to enable observation of gel shifts of individual actin spots.
Arrows indicate the position of the 43 kDa marker, equivalent to the molecular
weight of intact alpha actin. 
, the position of alpha cardiac actin as
identified by mass spectrometry. (B) Three-dimensional structure of an
alpha cardiac actin monomer (PDB identifier 1J6Z) with post-translationally
arginylated sites (R) indicated in pink within the blue actin backbone. The
site indicated in pale pink, for which the mass spectrum is not shown, will be
described elsewhere.
