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Figure 5


Fig. 5. Donor-induced expression of BMP pathway members and epithelial maintenance of Bmp4. (A) Bmp4 expression is restricted to epithelial domains of HH23 duck control mandibles cultured for 24 hours as shown by whole-mount in situ hybridization. (B) In quck mandibles, Bmp4 is prematurely upregulated in a large domain across donor-derived mesenchyme (arrow). (C,D) BMP4 receptors, Bmpr1a and Bmpr1b, are upregulated in donor-derived mesenchyme. (E) Such expression changes are specific to Bmp4 as no changes are observed during these stages for other BMPs, such as Bmp7. (F) Similarly, no donor-mediated changes in Noggin expression are apparent. (G) In HH25 mandibles, Bmp4 expression is found broadly across distal mesenchyme. (H) By HH27, expression of Bmp4 in distal mesenchyme is further restricted along the lower jaw (arrow). (I) When epithelium is removed from HH25 mandibles, Bmp4 expression is lost in distal mesenchyme (asterisk). (J) By HH27, distal mesenchyme maintains expression of Bmp4 even without overlying epithelium (arrow).





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