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Figure 3


Fig. 3. Experimental verification of the predictions based on the computer simulation. (A) Scheme illustrating the tilt angle (dark green) between the shortest ZP axis at the 2-cell stage and the Em-Ab boundary in the blastocyst. (B) The proportion of mouse embryos with tilt angles within a certain range, in relation to the ratio of the longest to the shortest diameter of the ZP. Embryos in Group I have the longest ZP diameter, 20% longer than that of the shortest. Embryos in Group II have the spherical ZP that results from its partial digestion and enlargement. Numbers within the bars indicate the number of embryos with tilt angles within the range specified on the right. (C) Sequential DIC images of embryos with enlarged and spherical ZP developing from the 2-cell to the blastocyst stage. Solid and dashed colored lines indicate, for each embryo, the shortest ZP axis at the 2-cell stage and the Em-Ab boundaries at the mid-blastocyst stage, respectively. The tilt angle for each embryo is measured by superimposing these two lines. White arrowheads indicate the ZP. In each frame, time is given in hours:minutes after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection. Scale bar: 50 µm.





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