spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif
 QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


spacer gif
     Home     Help     Feedback     Subscriptions     Archive     Search     Table of Contents    


This Article
Right arrow Summary Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Yokouchi, Y.
Right arrow Articles by Kuroiwa, A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Yokouchi, Y.
Right arrow Articles by Kuroiwa, A.
Aono, H. and Ide, H (1988). A gradient of responsiveness to the growth-promoting activity of ZPA (zonre of polarizing activity) in the chick limb bud. Dev. Biol 128, 136-141.[Medline]

Behringer, R. R., Finegold, M. J. and Cate, R. L (1994). Mullerian-inhibiting substance function during mammalian sexual development. Cell 79, 415-25.[Medline]

Chen, R. H., Miettinen, P. J., Maruoka, E. M., Choy, L. and Derynck, R (1995). A WD-domain protein that is associated with and phosphorylated by the type II TGFbeta receptor. Nature 377, 548-552.[Medline]

Dono, R. and Zeller, R (1994). Cell-type-specific translocation of fibroblast growth factor-2 isoformes during chicken kidney and limb morphogenesis. Dev. Biol 163, 316-330.[Medline]

Fallon, J. F., Lopez, A., Ros, M. A., Savage, M. P., Olwin, B. B. and Simandl, B. K (1994). FGF-2: Apical ectodermal ridge growth signal for chick limb development. Science 264, 104-107.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Gavrieli, Y., Sherman, Y. and Ben-Sasson, S. A (1992). Identification of programed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation. J. Cell Biol 119, 493-501.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Graff, J. M., Thies, R. S., Song, J. J., Celeste, A. J. and Melton, D. A (1994). Studies with a Xenopus BMP receptor suggest that ventral mesoderm-inducing signals override dorsal signals in vivo. Cell 79, 169-179.[Medline]

Graham, A., Francis-West, P., Brickell, P. and Lumsden, A (1994). The signalling molecule BMP4 mediates apoptosis in the rhombencephalic neural crest. Nature 372, 684-686.[Medline]

Hamburger, V. and Hamilton, H. L (1951). A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo. J. Morph 88, 49-92.

Hemmati-Brivanlou, A. and Melton, D (1992). A truncated activin receptorinhibits mesoderm induction and formation of axial structures in Xenopus embryos. Nature 359, 608-614.

Hurle, J. M. and Ganan, Y. G (1986). Interdigital tissure chondrogenesis induced by surgical removal of the ectoderm in the embryonic chick leg bud. J. Embryol. Exp. Morph 94, 231-244.[Medline]

Hurle, J. M. and Ganan, Y (1987). Formation of extra-digits induced by surgical removal of the apical ectodermal ridge of the chick embryo leg bud in the stages previous to the onset of interdigital cell death. Anat. Embryol 176, 393-399.[Medline]

Iba, H., Shindo, Y., Nishina, H. and Yoshida, T (1988). Transforming potential and growth stimulating activity of the v-fos and c-fos genes carried by avian retrovirus vectors. Oncogene Res 2, 121-133.[Medline]

Iba, H., Takeya, T., Cross, F. R., Hanafusa, T. and Hanafusa, H (1984). Rous sarcoma virus variants that carry the cellular src gene instead of the viral src gene cannot transform chicken embryo fibroblasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 4424-4428.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Kawabata, M., Imamura, T., Miyazono, K., Engel, M. E. and Moses, H. L (1995). Interaction of the transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor with farnesyl-protein transferase-alpha. J. Biol. Chem 270, 29628-29631.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Kingsley, D. M (1994). The TGF-beta superfamily: new members, new receptors, and new genetic tests of function in different organisms. Genes Dev 8, 133-46.[Free Full Text]

Kingsley, D. M (1994). What do BMPs do in mammals? Clues from the mouse short-ear mutation. Trends Genet 10, 16-21.[Medline]

Koenig, B. B., Cook, J. S., Wolsing, D. H., Ting, J., Tiesman, J. P., Correa, P. E., Olson, C. A., Pecquet, A. L., Ventura, F., Grant, R. A., Chen, G.-X., Wrana, J. L., Massague, J. and Rosenbaum, J. S (1994). Characterization and cloning of a receptor for BMP-2 and BMP-4 from NIH 3T3 cells. Mol. Cell. Biol 14, 5961-5974.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Liu, F., Ventura, F., Doody, J. and Massague, J (1995). Human type II receptor for bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs): extension of the two-kinase receptor model to the BMPs. Mol. Cell. Biol 15, 3479-86.[Abstract]

Mishina, Y., Suzuki, A., Ueno, N. and Behringer, R. R (1995). Bmpr encodes a type I bone morphogenetic protein receptor that is essential for gastrulation during mouse embryogenesis. Genes Dev 9, 3027-3037.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Niswander, L. and Martin, G. R (1992). Fgf-4 expression during gastrulation, myogenesis, limb and tooth development in the mouse. Development 114, 755-768.[Abstract]

Niswander, L. and Martin, G. R (1993). FGF-4 and BMP-2 have opposite effects on limb growth. Nature 361, 68-71.[Medline]

Pautou, M.-P (1975). Morphogenese de l autopode chez l embryon de poulet. J. Embryol. Exp. Morph 34, 511-529.[Medline]

Potts, W. M., Olsen, M., Boettiger, D. and Vogt, V (1987). Epitope mapping of monoclonal antibobies to gag protein p19 of avian sarcoma and leukemia viruses. J. Gen. Virol 68, 3177-3182.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Ros, M. A., Macias, D., Fallon, J. F. and Hurle, J. M (1994). Formation of extra digits in the interdigital spaces of the chick leg bud is not preceded by changes in the expression of the Msx and Hoxd genes. Anat. Embryol 190, 375-382.[Medline]

Saitoh, M., Nishitoh, H., Amagasa, T., Miyazono, K., Takagi, M. and Ichijo, H (1996). Identification of important regions in the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane domain of type I receptor that separate signaling pathways of transforming growth factor-beta. J. Biol. Chem 271, 2769-2775.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Saunders, J. W., Jr., Gasseling, M. T. and Saunders, L. C (1962). Cellular death in morphogenesis of the avian wing. Dev. Biol 5, 16-25.

Suzuki, A., Thies, R. S., Yamaji, N., Song, J. J., Wozney, J. M., Murakami, K. and Ueno, N (1994). A truncated bone morphogenetic protein receptor affects dorsal-ventral patterning in the early Xenopous embryo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 10255-10259.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Tone, S., Tanaka, S. and Kato, Y (1983). The inhibitory effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on the programmed cell death in the chick limb. Dev. Growth Differ 25, 381-391.

Vanio, S., Karavanova, I., Jowett, A. and Thesleff, I (1993). Identification of BMP-4 as a signal mediating secondary induction between epithelial mesenchymal tissues during early tooth development. Cell 75, 45-58.[Medline]

Wang, T., Danielson, P. D., Li, B., Shah, P. C., Kim, S. D. and Donahoe, P. K (1996). The p21(RAS) farnesyltransferase alpha subunit in TGF-beta and activin signaling. Science 271, 1120-1122.[Abstract]

White, K., Grether, M. E., Abrams, J. M., Young, L., Farrell, K. and Steller, H (1994). Genetic control of programmed cell death in Drosophila. Science 264, 677-683.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Winnier, G., Blessing, M., Labosky, P. A. and Hogan, B. L (1995). Bone morphogenetic protein-4 is required for mesoderm formation and patterning in the mouse. Genes Dev 9, 2105-2116.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Xia, Z., Dickens, M., Raingeaud, J., Davis, R. J. and Greenberg, M. E (1995). Opposing effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP kinases on apoptosis. Science 270, 1326-1331.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Yamaguchi, K., Shirakabe, K., Shibuya, H., Irie, K., Ohishi, I., Ueno, N., Taniguchi, T., Nishida, E. and Matsumoto, K (1995). identification of a member of the MAPKKK family as a potential mediator of TGA-signal transduction. Science 270, 2008-2011.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Yamaji, N., Celeste, A. J., Thies, R. S., Song, J. J., Bernier, S. M., Goltzman, D., Lyons, K. M., Nove, J., Rosen, V. and Wozney, J. M (1994). A mammalian serine/threonine kinase receptor specifically binds BMP-2 and BMP-4. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 205, 1944-1951.[Medline]

Yokouchi, Y., Nakazato, S., Yamamoto, M., Goto, Y., Kameda, T., Iba, H. and Kuroiwa, A (1995). Misexpression of Hoxa-13 induces cartilage homeotic transformation and changes cell adhesiveness in chick limb bud. Genes Dev 9, 2509-2522.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Zou, H. and Niswander, L (1996). Requirement for BMP signaling in interdigital apoptosis and scale formation. Science 272, 738-741.[Abstract]




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
J. Exp. Biol.Home page
M. Yamashita, N. Mizusawa, M. Hojo, and T. Yabu
Extensive apoptosis and abnormal morphogenesis in pro-caspase-3 transgenic zebrafish during development
J. Exp. Biol., June 15, 2008; 211(12): 1874 - 1881.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
P. Ybot-Gonzalez, C. Gaston-Massuet, G. Girdler, J. Klingensmith, R. Arkell, N. D. E. Greene, and A. J. Copp
Neural plate morphogenesis during mouse neurulation is regulated by antagonism of Bmp signalling
Development, September 1, 2007; 134(17): 3203 - 3211.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
S. Pajni-Underwood, C. P. Wilson, C. Elder, Y. Mishina, and M. Lewandoski
BMP signals control limb bud interdigital programmed cell death by regulating FGF signaling
Development, June 15, 2007; 134(12): 2359 - 2368.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
FASEB J.Home page
J. Knobloch, J. D. Shaughnessy Jr., and U. Ruther
Thalidomide induces limb deformities by perturbing the Bmp/Dkk1/Wnt signaling pathway
FASEB J, May 1, 2007; 21(7): 1410 - 1421.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
S. D. Weatherbee, R. R. Behringer, J. J. Rasweiler IV, and L. A. Niswander
Interdigital webbing retention in bat wings illustrates genetic changes underlying amniote limb diversification
PNAS, October 10, 2006; 103(41): 15103 - 15107.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
K. Teichert-Kuliszewska, M. J.B. Kutryk, M. A. Kuliszewski, G. Karoubi, D. W. Courtman, L. Zucco, J. Granton, and D. J. Stewart
Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor-2 Signaling Promotes Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cell Survival: Implications for Loss-of-Function Mutations in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension
Circ. Res., February 3, 2006; 98(2): 209 - 217.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
P. Lu, G. Minowada, and G. R. Martin
Increasing Fgf4 expression in the mouse limb bud causes polysyndactyly and rescues the skeletal defects that result from loss of Fgf8 function
Development, January 1, 2006; 133(1): 33 - 42.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
Y. Lallemand, M.-A. Nicola, C. Ramos, A. Bach, C. S. Cloment, and B. Robert
Analysis of Msx1; Msx2 double mutants reveals multiple roles for Msx genes in limb development
Development, July 1, 2005; 132(13): 3003 - 3014.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
W. M. Knosp, V. Scott, H. P. Bachinger, and H. S. Stadler
HOXA13 regulates the expression of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 7 to control distal limb morphogenesis
Development, September 15, 2004; 131(18): 4581 - 4592.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
Y. Kida, Y. Maeda, T. Shiraishi, T. Suzuki, and T. Ogura
Chick Dach1 interacts with the Smad complex and Sin3a to control AER formation and limb development along the proximodistal axis
Development, September 1, 2004; 131(17): 4179 - 4187.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Endocr. Rev.Home page
S. Shimasaki, R. K. Moore, F. Otsuka, and G. F. Erickson
The Bone Morphogenetic Protein System In Mammalian Reproduction
Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2004; 25(1): 72 - 101.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
E. Hay, J. Lemonnier, O. Fromigue, H. Guenou, and P. J. Marie
Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor IB Signaling Mediates Apoptosis Independently of Differentiation in Osteoblastic Cells
J. Biol. Chem., January 16, 2004; 279(3): 1650 - 1658.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
P. Sharma, N. Fatma, E. Kubo, T. Shinohara, L. T. Chylack Jr., and D. P. Singh
Lens Epithelium-derived Growth Factor Relieves Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1-induced Transcription Repression of Heat Shock Proteins in Human Lens Epithelial Cells
J. Biol. Chem., May 23, 2003; 278(22): 20037 - 20046.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Endocr. Rev.Home page
E. Canalis, A. N. Economides, and E. Gazzerro
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Their Antagonists, and the Skeleton
Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2003; 24(2): 218 - 235.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
J.-i. Sakiyama, A. Yamagishi, and A. Kuroiwa
Tbx4-Fgf10 system controls lung bud formation during chicken embryonic development
Development, April 1, 2003; 130(7): 1225 - 1234.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
T. Schlange, H.-H. Arnold, and T. Brand
BMP2 is a positive regulator of Nodal signaling during left-right axis formation in the chicken embryo
Development, March 9, 2003; 129(14): 3421 - 3429.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
S. Pizette, C. Abate-Shen, and L. Niswander
BMP controls proximodistal outgrowth, via induction of the apical ectodermal ridge, and dorsoventral patterning in the vertebrate limb
Development, November 15, 2001; 128(22): 4463 - 4474.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
J. A. Montero, Y. Ganan, D. Macias, J. Rodriguez-Leon, J. J. Sanz-Ezquerro, R. Merino, J. Chimal-Monroy, M. A. Nieto, and J. M. Hurle
Role of FGFs in the control of programmed cell death during limb development
Development, June 1, 2001; 128(11): 2075 - 2084.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
BloodHome page
C. Kawamura, M. Kizaki, K. Yamato, H. Uchida, Y. Fukuchi, Y. Hattori, T. Koseki, T. Nishihara, and Y. Ikeda
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 induces apoptosis in human myeloma cells with modulation of STAT3
Blood, September 15, 2000; 96(6): 2005 - 2011.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
IOVSHome page
J. R. Mathura Jr, N. Jafari, J. T. Chang, S. F. Hackett, K. J. Wahlin, N. G. Della, N. Okamoto, D. J. Zack, and P. A. Campochiaro
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins-2 and -4: Negative Growth Regulators in Adult Retinal Pigmented Epithelium
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., February 1, 2000; 41(2): 592 - 600.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
D. Ellies, V Church, P Francis-West, and A Lumsden
The WNT antagonist cSFRP2 modulates programmed cell death in the developing hindbrain
Development, January 12, 2000; 127(24): 5285 - 5295.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
A. Nguyen and J. Pollard
Transforming growth factor beta3 induces cell death during the first stage of mammary gland involution
Development, January 7, 2000; 127(14): 3107 - 3118.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
T Narita, K Saitoh, T Kameda, A Kuroiwa, M Mizutani, C Koike, H Iba, and S Yasugi
BMPs are necessary for stomach gland formation in the chicken embryo: a study using virally induced BMP-2 and Noggin expression
Development, January 3, 2000; 127(5): 981 - 988.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
S. Baur, J. Mai, and S. Dymecki
Combinatorial signaling through BMP receptor IB and GDF5: shaping of the distal mouse limb and the genetics of distal limb diversity
Development, January 2, 2000; 127(3): 605 - 619.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
R Merino, J Rodriguez-Leon, D Macias, Y Ganan, A. Economides, and J. Hurle
The BMP antagonist Gremlin regulates outgrowth, chondrogenesis and programmed cell death in the developing limb
Development, January 12, 1999; 126(23): 5515 - 5522.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
R Merino, D Macias, Y Ganan, J Rodriguez-Leon, A. Economides, C Rodriguez-Esteban, J. Izpisua-Belmonte, and J. Hurle
Control of digit formation by activin signalling
Development, January 5, 1999; 126(10): 2161 - 2170.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
E Coucouvanis and G. Martin
BMP signaling plays a role in visceral endoderm differentiation and cavitation in the early mouse embryo
Development, January 2, 1999; 126(3): 535 - 546.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
S Pizette and L Niswander
BMPs negatively regulate structure and function of the limb apical ectodermal ridge
Development, January 2, 1999; 126(5): 883 - 894.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. J. Ritter and P. J. A. Davies
Identification of a Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1/Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (TGF-beta 1/BMP4) Response Element within the Mouse Tissue Transglutaminase Gene Promoter
J. Biol. Chem., May 22, 1998; 273(21): 12798 - 12806.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Genes Dev.Home page
R. Jiang, Y. Lan, H. D. Chapman, C. Shawber, C. R. Norton, D. V. Serreze, G. Weinmaster, and T. Gridley
Defects in limb, craniofacial, and thymic development in Jagged2 mutant mice
Genes & Dev., April 1, 1998; 12(7): 1046 - 1057.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J. Cell Biol.Home page
M. Enomoto-Iwamoto, M. Iwamoto, Y. Mukudai, Y. Kawakami, T. Nohno, Y. Higuchi, S. Takemoto, H. Ohuchi, S. Noji, and K. Kurisu
Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Is Required for Maintenance of Differentiated Phenotype, Control of Proliferation, and Hypertrophy in Chondrocytes
J. Cell Biol., January 26, 1998; 140(2): 409 - 418.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
Y Yang, P Guillot, Y Boyd, M. Lyon, and A. McMahon
Evidence that preaxial polydactyly in the Doublefoot mutant is due to ectopic Indian Hedgehog signaling
Development, January 8, 1998; 125(16): 3123 - 3132.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
J Jernvall, T Aberg, P Kettunen, S Keranen, and I Thesleff
The life history of an embryonic signaling center: BMP-4 induces p21 and is associated with apoptosis in the mouse tooth enamel knot
Development, January 1, 1998; 125(2): 161 - 169.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
ScienceHome page
E. Laufer, S. Pizette, H. Zou, O. E. Orozco, and L. Niswander
BMP Expression in Duck Interdigital Webbing: A Reanalysis
Science, October 10, 1997; 278(5336): 305 - 305.
[Full Text]


Home page
J. Cell Biol.Home page
P. Kallunki, G. M. Edelman, and F. S. Jones
Tissue-specific Expression of the L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule Is Modulated by the Neural Restrictive Silencer Element
J. Cell Biol., September 22, 1997; 138(6): 1343 - 1354.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Genes Dev.Home page
H. Zou, R. Wieser, J. Massague, and L. Niswander
Distinct roles of type I bone morphogenetic protein receptors in the formation and differentiation of cartilage
Genes & Dev., September 1, 1997; 11(17): 2191 - 2203.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
M Maden, A Graham, E Gale, C Rollinson, and M Zile
Positional apoptosis during vertebrate CNS development in the absence of endogenous retinoids
Development, January 7, 1997; 124(14): 2799 - 2805.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
DevelopmentHome page
D. Fekete, S. Homburger, M. Waring, A. Riedl, and L. Garcia
Involvement of programmed cell death in morphogenesis of the vertebrate inner ear
Development, January 6, 1997; 124(12): 2451 - 2461.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Izumi, Y. Fujio, K. Kunisada, S. Negoro, E. Tone, M. Funamoto, T. Osugi, Y. Oshima, Y. Nakaoka, T. Kishimoto, et al.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Inhibits Serum Deprivation-induced Apoptosis of Neonatal Cardiac Myocytes through Activation of the Smad1 Pathway
J. Biol. Chem., August 10, 2001; 276(33): 31133 - 31141.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
N. Kimura, R. Matsuo, H. Shibuya, K. Nakashima, and T. Taga
BMP2-induced Apoptosis Is Mediated by Activation of the TAK1-p38 Kinase Pathway That Is Negatively Regulated by Smad6
J. Biol. Chem., June 2, 2000; 275(23): 17647 - 17652.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


This Article
Right arrow Summary Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Yokouchi, Y.
Right arrow Articles by Kuroiwa, A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Yokouchi, Y.
Right arrow Articles by Kuroiwa, A.