The early blastocyst is bilaterally symmetrical and its axis of symmetry is aligned with the animal-vegetal axis of the zygote in the mouse

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Articles by Gardner, R. L.

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What's this?

				T. Fujimori, Y. Kurotaki, K. Komatsu, and Y.-i. Nabeshima Morphological Organization of the Mouse Preimplantation Embryo Reproductive Sciences, February 1, 2009; 16(2): 171 - 177. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. Jedrusik, D.-E. Parfitt, G. Guo, M. Skamagki, J. B. Grabarek, M. H. Johnson, P. Robson, and M. Zernicka-Goetz Role of Cdx2 and cell polarity in cell allocation and specification of trophectoderm and inner cell mass in the mouse embryo Genes & Dev., October 1, 2008; 22(19): 2692 - 2706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Van de Velde, G. Cauffman, H. Tournaye, P. Devroey, and I. Liebaers The four blastomeres of a 4-cell stage human embryo are able to develop individually into blastocysts with inner cell mass and trophectoderm Hum. Reprod., August 1, 2008; 23(8): 1742 - 1747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Honda, N. Motosugi, T. Nagai, M. Tanemura, and T. Hiiragi Computer simulation of emerging asymmetry in the mouse blastocyst Development, April 15, 2008; 135(8): 1407 - 1414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Bischoff, D.-E. Parfitt, and M. Zernicka-Goetz Formation of the embryonic-abembryonic axis of the mouse blastocyst: relationships between orientation of early cleavage divisions and pattern of symmetric/asymmetric divisions Development, March 1, 2008; 135(5): 953 - 962. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Kurotaki, K. Hatta, K. Nakao, Y.-i. Nabeshima, and T. Fujimori Blastocyst Axis Is Specified Independently of Early Cell Lineage But Aligns with the ZP Shape Science, May 4, 2007; 316(5825): 719 - 723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R.L. Gardner The axis of polarity of the mouse blastocyst is specified before blastulation and independently of the zona pellucida Hum. Reprod., March 1, 2007; 22(3): 798 - 806. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Scott, A. Finn, T. O'Leary, S. McLellan, and J. Hill Morphologic parameters of early cleavage-stage embryos that correlate with fetal development and delivery: prospective and applied data for increased pregnancy rates Hum. Reprod., January 1, 2007; 22(1): 230 - 240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Waksmundzka, A. Wisniewska, and M. Maleszewski Allocation of Cells in Mouse Blastocyst Is Not Determined by the Order of Cleavage of the First Two Blastomeres Biol Reprod, October 1, 2006; 75(4): 582 - 587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R.L. Gardner and T.J. Davies An investigation of the origin and significance of bilateral symmetry of the pronuclear zygote in the mouse Hum. Reprod., February 1, 2006; 21(2): 492 - 502. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. A Moore and M. Zernicka-Goetz PAR-1 and the microtubule-associated proteins CLASP2 and dynactin-p50 have specific localisation on mouse meiotic and first mitotic spindles Reproduction, September 1, 2005; 130(3): 311 - 320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Motosugi, T. Bauer, Z. Polanski, D. Solter, and T. Hiiragi Polarity of the mouse embryo is established at blastocyst and is not prepatterned Genes & Dev., May 1, 2005; 19(9): 1081 - 1092. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Piotrowska-Nitsche, A. Perea-Gomez, S. Haraguchi, and M. Zernicka-Goetz Four-cell stage mouse blastomeres have different developmental properties Development, February 1, 2005; 132(3): 479 - 490. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Cooke, J.P.P. Tyler, and G.L. Driscoll Meiotic spindle location and identification and its effect on embryonic cleavage plane and early development Hum. Reprod., November 1, 2003; 18(11): 2397 - 2405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R.L. Gardner Experimental analysis of second cleavage in the mouse Hum. Reprod., December 1, 2002; 17(12): 3178 - 3189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T.J. Davies and R.L. Gardner The plane of first cleavage is not related to the distribution of sperm components in the mouse Hum. Reprod., September 1, 2002; 17(9): 2368 - 2379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R.L. Gardner and T.J. Davies Trophectoderm growth and bilateral symmetry of the blastocyst in the mouse Hum. Reprod., July 1, 2002; 17(7): 1839 - 1845. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Piotrowska, F. Wianny, R. A. Pedersen, and M. Zernicka-Goetz Blastomeres arising from the first cleavage division have distinguishable fates in normal mouse development Development, October 1, 2001; 128(19): 3739 - 3748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Gardner Specification of embryonic axes begins before cleavage in normal mouse development Development, January 3, 2001; 128(6): 839 - 847. [Abstract] [PDF]

				I. E. Neganova, G. G. Sekirina, and U. Eichenlaub-Ritter Surface-expressed E-cadherin, and mitochondrial and microtubule distribution in rescue of mouse embryos from 2-cell block by aggregation Mol. Hum. Reprod., May 1, 2000; 6(5): 454 - 464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R.L. Gardner Flow of cells from polar to mural trophectoderm is polarized in the mouse blastocyst Hum. Reprod., March 1, 2000; 15(3): 694 - 701. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. W. Chan, T. Dominko, C. M. Luetjens, E. Neuber, C. Martinovich, L. Hewitson, C. R. Simerly, and G. P. Schatten Clonal Propagation of Primate Offspring by Embryo Splitting Science, January 14, 2000; 287(5451): 317 - 319. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Ciemerych, D Mesnard, and M Zernicka-Goetz Animal and vegetal poles of the mouse egg predict the polarity of the embryonic axis, yet are nonessential for development Development, January 8, 2000; 127(16): 3467 - 3474. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. P. Evans, J. A. Foster, B. A. McAvey, G. L. Gerton, G. S. Kopf, and R. M. Schultz Effects of Perturbation of Cell Polarity on Molecular Markers of Sperm-Egg Binding Sites on Mouse Eggs Biol Reprod, January 1, 2000; 62(1): 76 - 84. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. Garello, H. Baker, J. Rai, S. Montgomery, P. Wilson, C.R. Kennedy, and G.M. Hartshorne Pronuclear orientation, polar body placement, and embryo quality after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and in-vitro fertilization: further evidence for polarity in human oocytes? Hum. Reprod., October 1, 1999; 14(10): 2588 - 2595. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R.G. Edwards and H. K. Beard Hypothesis: sex determination and germline formation are committed at the pronucleate stage in mammalian embryos Mol. Hum. Reprod., July 1, 1999; 5(7): 595 - 606. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Antczak and J. Van Blerkom Temporal and spatial aspects of fragmentation in early human embryos: possible effects on developmental competence and association with the differential elimination of regulatory proteins from polarized domains Hum. Reprod., February 1, 1999; 14(2): 429 - 447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Weber, R. Pedersen, F Wianny, M. Evans, and M Zernicka-Goetz Polarity of the mouse embryo is anticipated before implantation Development, January 12, 1999; 126(24): 5591 - 5598. [Abstract] [PDF]

				R.G. Edwards and H. K. Beard Is the success of human IVF more a matter of genetics and evolution than growing blastocysts? Hum. Reprod., January 1, 1999; 14(1): 1 - 6. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M Zernicka-Goetz Fertile offspring derived from mammalian eggs lacking either animal or vegetal poles Development, January 12, 1998; 125(23): 4803 - 4808. [Abstract] [PDF]