Concentration-dependent patterning by an ectopic expression domain of the Drosophila gap gene knirps

QUICK SEARCH:

[advanced]

	Author:		Keyword(s):

Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents

This Article

	Summary
	Full Text (PDF)
	Alert me when this article is cited
	Alert me if a correction is posted

Services

	Email this article to a friend
	Similar articles in this journal
	Similar articles in PubMed
	Alert me to new issues of the journal
	Download to citation manager


Citing Articles

	Citing Articles via HighWire
	Citing Articles via Google Scholar

Google Scholar

	Articles by Kosman, D.
	Articles by Small, S.
	Search for Related Content

PubMed

	PubMed Citation
	Articles by Kosman, D.
	Articles by Small, S.


Social Bookmarking

	What's this?

Akam, M (1987). The molecular basis for metameric pattern formation in the Drosophila embryo. Development 101, 1-22.[Abstract]

Arnosti, D., Barolo, S., Levine, M. and Small,S (1996). The eve stripe 2 enhancer employs multiple modes of transcriptional synergy. Development 122, 205-214.[Abstract]

Carroll, S. and Scott,M (1986). Zygotically active genes that affect the spatial expression of the fushi tarazu segmentation gene during early Drosophila embryogenesis. Cell 45, 113-126.[Medline]

Carroll, S. B (1990). Zebra stripes in fly embryos: activation of stripes or repression of interstripes?. Cell 60, 9-16.[Medline]

Davis, I. and Ish-Horowicz, D (1991). Apical localization of pair-rule transcripts requires 3sequences and limits protein diffusion in the Drosophila blastoderm embryo. Cell 67, 927-940.[Medline]

Driever, W. and Nusslein-Volhard, C (1988). A gradient of Bicoid protein in Drosophila embryos. Cell 43, 59-69.

Driever, W. and Nusslein-Volhard, C (1989). The Bicoid protein is a positive regulator of hunchback transcription in the early Drosophila embryo. Nature 337, 138-143.[Medline]

Eldon, E. and Pirrotta, V (1991). Interactions of the Drosophila gap gene giant with maternal and zygotic patterning genes. Development 111, 367-378.[Abstract]

Frasch, M., Hoey, T., Rushlow, C., Doyle, H. and Levine, M (1987). Characterization and localization of the even-skipped protein of Drosophila. EMBO J 6, 749-759.[Medline]

Frasch, M., Warrior, R., Tugwood, J. and Levine,M (1988). Molecular analysis of even-skipped mutants in Drosophila development. Genes Dev 2, 1824-1938.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Fujioka, M., Miskiewic, P., Raj, L., Gulledge, A. A., Weir, M. and Goto,T (1996). Drosophila paired regulates late even-skipped expression through a composite binding site for paired domain and the homeodomain. Development 122, 2697-2707.[Abstract]

Gaul, U. and J\212ckle,H (1990). Role of gap genes in early Drosophila development. Advances in Genetics 27, 239-275.[Medline]

Goto, T., MacDonald, P. and Maniatis, T. ( (1989). Early and late periodic patterns of even - skipped expression are controlled by distinct regulatory elements that respond to different spatial cues. Cell 57, 413-422.[Medline]

Hartmann, C., Taubert, H., Jackel, H. and Pankratz, M (1994). A two-step mode of stripe formation in the Drosophila blastoderm requires interactions among primary pair-rule genes. Mech. Dev 45, 3-13.[Medline]

Hiromi, Y. and Gehring,W. J (1987). Regulation and function of the Drosophila segmentation gene fushi tarazu. Cell 50, 963-974.[Medline]

Hoch, M., Schroder, C., Seifert, E. and J\212ckle,H (1990). Cis-acting control elements for Kruppel expression in the Drosophila embryo. EMBO J 9, 2587-2595.[Medline]

Hoch, M., Gerwin, N., Taubert, H. and J\212ckle, H (1992). Competition for overlapping sites in the regulatory region of the Drosophila gene Kruppel. Nature 256, 94-97.

Hou, X., Melnick, M. and Perrimon,N (1996). marelle acts downstream of the Drosophila HOP/JAK kinase and encodes a protein similar to the mammalian STATS. Cell 84, 411-420.[Medline]

Howard, K., Ingham, P. and Rushlow,C (1988). Region-specific alleles of the Drosophila segmentation gene hairy. Genes Dev 2, 1037-1046.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Howard K. and Struhl, G (1990). Decoding positional information: regulation of the pair-rule gene hairy. Development 110, 1123-1232.

Hulskamp, M., Pfeifle, C. and J\212ckle,H (1990). A morphogenetic gradient of hunchback protein organizes the expression of the gap genes Kruppel and knirps in the early Drosophila embryo. Nature 346, 577-579.[Medline]

Hulskamp, M., Lukowitz, W., Beermann, A., Glaser, G. and Tautz,D. ( (1994). Differential regulation of target genes by different alleles of the segmentation gene hunchback in Drosophila. Genetics 138, 125-134.[Abstract]

Ingham, P (1988). The molecular genetics of embryonic pattern formation in Drosophila. Nature 335, 25-34.[Medline]

Ingham, P. and Martinez-Arias,A (1986). The correct activation of Antennapedia and Bithorax complex genes requires the fushi tarazu gene. Nature 324, 592-597.[Medline]

Ingham, P. and Gergen, J. P (1988). Interactions between the pair-rule genes runt , hairy , even-skipped , and fushi tarazu and the establishment of periodic pattern in the Drosophila embryo. Development 104, 51-60.[Abstract]

Jiang, J., Hoey, T. and Levine,M (1991). Autoregulation of a segmentation gene in Drosophila: combinatorial interaction of the even-skipped homeobox protein with a distal enhancer element. Genes Dev 5, 265-277.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Jiang, J., Kosman, D., Ip, Y. T. and Levine, M (1991). The dorsal morphogen gradient regulates the mesoderm determinant twist in early Drosophila embryos. Genes Dev 5, 1881-1891.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Kania, M. A., Bonner, A. S., Duffy, J. B. and Gergen,J. P (1990). The Drosophila segmentation gene runt encodes a novel nuclear regulatory protein that is also expressed in the developing nervous system. Genes Dev 4, 1701-1712.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Klinger, M. and Gergen, P (1993). Regulation of runt transcription by Drosophila segmentation genes. Mech. Dev 43, 3-19.[Medline]

Kraut, R. and Levine, M (1991). Mutually repressive interactions between the gap genes giant and Kruppel define middle body regions of the Drosophila embryo. Development 111, 611-621.[Abstract]

MacDonald, P., Ingham, P. and Struhl, G (1986). Isolation, structure, and expression of even - skipped : a second pair-rule gene of Drosophila containing a homeobox. Cell 47, 721-734.[Medline]

Margolis, J., Borowsky, M., Steingrimsson, E., Shim, C., Lengyel, J. and Posakony,J (1995). Posterior stripe expression of hunchback is driven from two promoters by a common enhancer element. Development 121, 3067-3077.[Abstract]

Nauber, U., Pankratz, M., Kienlin, A., Seifert, E. Klemm, U. and J\212ckle, H (1988). Abdominal segmentation of the Drosophila embryo requires ahormone receptor like protein encoded by the gap gene knirps. Nature 336, 489-492.[Medline]

Nusslein-Volhard, C. and Wieshaus, E (1980). Mutations affecting segment number and identity in Drosophila. Nature 287, 795-801.[Medline]

Nusslein-Volhard, C., Kluding, H. and Jurgens, G (1985). Genes affecting the segmental subdivision of the Drosophila embryo. Cold Spring Har. Symp. Quant. Biol 50, 145-154.[Medline]

Pankratz, M., Hoch, M., Seifert E. and J\212ckle, H (1989). Kruppel requirement for knirps enhancement reflects overlapping gap gene activities in the Drosophila embryo. Nature 341, 337-339.[Medline]

Pankratz, M., Seifert, E., Gerwin, N., Billi, B., Nauber, U. and J\212ckle, H (1990). Gradients of Kruppel and knirps gene products direct pair-rule gene stripe patterning in the posterior region of the Drosophila embryo. Cell 61, 309-317.[Medline]

Pick, L., Schier, A., Affolter, M., Schmidt-Glenewinkel, T. and Gehring, W (1990). Analysis of the ftz upstream element: germ layer-specific enhancers are independently regulated. Genes Dev 4, 1224-1239.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Riddihough, G. and Ish-Horowicz, D. ( (1991). Individual stripe regulatory elements in the Drosophila hairy promoter respond to maternal, gap, and pair-rule genes. Genes Dev 5, 840-854.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Rothe, M., Nauber, U. and J\212ckle, H. ( (1989). Three hormone receptor-like Drosophila genes encode an identical DNA-binding finger. EMBO J 8, 3087-3094.[Medline]

Sauer, F. and J\212ckle, H (1991). Concentration-dependent transcriptional activation or repression by Kruppel from a single binding site. Nature 353, 563-566.[Medline]

Sauer, F. and J\212ckle, H. ( (1995). Heterodimeric Drosophila gap gene protein complexes acting as transcriptional repressors. EMBO J 14, 4773-4780.[Medline]

Schier, A. and Gehring,W (1993). Analysis of a fushi tarazu autoregulatory element: multiple sequence elements contribute to enhancer activity. EMBO J 12, 1111-1119.[Medline]

Simpson-Brose, M., Treisman, J. and Desplan,C (1994). Synergy between the Hunchback and Bicoid morphogens is required for anterior patterning in Drosophila. Cell 78, 855-865.[Medline]

Small, S., Kraut, R., Hoey, T.,Warrior, R. and Levine,M (1991). Transcriptional regulation of a pair-rule stripe in Drosophila. Genes Dev 5, 827-839.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Small, S., Blair, A. and Levine,M (1992). Regulation of even-skipped stripe 2 in the Drosophila embryo. EMBO J 11, 4047-4057.[Medline]

Small, S., Arnosti, D. and Levine, M (1993). Spacing ensures autonomous expression of different stripe enhancers in the even-skipped promoter. Development 119, 767-772.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Small, S., Blair, A. and Levine, M. ( (1996). Regulation of two pair-rule stripes by a single enhancer in the Drosophila embryo. Dev. Biol 175, 314-324.[Medline]

Stanojevic, D., Hoey, T. and Levine,M (1989). Sequence-specific DNA binding activities of gap proteins encoded by hunchback and Kruppel in Drosophila. Nature 341, 331-335.[Medline]

Stanojevic, D., Small, S. and Levine, M (1991). Regulation of a segmentation stripe by overlapping activators and repressors in Drosophila. Science 246, 1385-1387.

Struhl, G (1989). Morphogen gradients and the control of body pattern in insect embryos. Ciba Foundation Symp 144, 65-98.[Medline]

Struhl, G., Struhl, K. and MacDonald,P (1989). The gradient morphogen Bicoid is a concentration-dependent transcriptional activator. Cell 57, 1259-1273.[Medline]

Struhl, G., Johnston, P. and Lawrence, P. ( (1992). Control of Drosophila body pattern by the hunchback morphogen gradient. Cell 69, 237-248.[Medline]

Struhl, G., Fitzgerald, K. and Greenwald, I. ( (1993). Intrinsic activity of the Lin-12 and Notch intracellular domains in vivo. Cell 74, 331-345.[Medline]

Theurkauf, W., Baum, H., Bo, J. and Wensink, P (1986). Tissue-specific and constitutive- tubulin genes of Drosophila melanogaster code for structurally distinct proteins. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 8477-8481.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Thummel, C., Boulet, A. and Lipshitz,H (1988). Vectors for Drosophila P-element mediated transformation and tissue culture transformation. Gene 74, 445-446.[Medline]

Tsai, C. and Gergen, P (1995). Pair-rule expression of the Drosophilafushi tarazu gene: a `nuclear receptor response element mediates the opposing regulatory effects of runt and hairy. Development 121, 453-462.[Abstract]

Turing, A (1952). The chemical basis of morphogenesis. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B 237, 37-72.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Warrior, R. and Levine,M (1990). Dose dependent regulation of pair-rule stripes by gap genes and the initiation of segment polarity. Development 110, 759-768.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Yan, R., Small, S., Desplan, C., Dearolf, C. and Darnell,J (1996). Identification of a Stat gene that functions in Drosophila development. Cell 84, 421-430.[Medline]

Yu, Y. and Pick, L. ( (1995). Non-periodic cues generate seven ftz stripes in the Drosophila embryo. Mech. Dev 50, 163-175.[Medline]

Zuo, P., Stanojevic, D., Colgan, J., Han, K., Levine, M. and Manley, J. L (1991). Activation and repression of transcription by the Drosophila gap proteins hunchback and Kruppel. Genes Dev 5, 254-264.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

CiteULike

Complore

Connotea

Del.icio.us Add to Digg

Digg

Technorati

Twitter What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

A. Haecker, M. Bergman, C. Neupert, B. Moussian, S. Luschnig, M. Aebi, and M. Mannervik
Wollknauel is required for embryo patterning and encodes the Drosophila ALG5 UDP-glucose:dolichyl-phosphate glucosyltransferase
Development, May 15, 2008; 135(10): 1745 - 1749.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

D. M. Tyler, K. Okamura, W.-J. Chung, J. W. Hagen, E. Berezikov, G. J. Hannon, and E. C. Lai
Functionally distinct regulatory RNAs generated by bidirectional transcription and processing of microRNA loci
Genes & Dev., January 1, 2008; 22(1): 26 - 36.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. M. Kulkarni and D. N. Arnosti
cis-Regulatory Logic of Short-Range Transcriptional Repression in Drosophila melanogaster
Mol. Cell. Biol., May 1, 2005; 25(9): 3411 - 3420.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S. L. Bullock, M. Stauber, A. Prell, J. R. Hughes, D. Ish-Horowicz, and U. Schmidt-Ott
Differential cytoplasmic mRNA localisation adjusts pair-rule transcription factor activity to cytoarchitecture in dipteran evolution
Development, September 1, 2004; 131(17): 4251 - 4261.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

J. Jaeger, M. Blagov, D. Kosman, K. N. Kozlov, Manu, E. Myasnikova, S. Surkova, C. E. Vanario-Alonso, M. Samsonova, D. H. Sharp, et al.
Dynamical Analysis of Regulatory Interactions in the Gap Gene System of Drosophila melanogaster
Genetics, August 1, 2004; 167(4): 1721 - 1737.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

P. Struffi, M. Corado, M. Kulkarni, and D. N. Arnosti
Quantitative contributions of CtBP-dependent and -independent repression activities of Knirps
Development, May 15, 2004; 131(10): 2419 - 2429.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. M. Kulkarni and D. N. Arnosti
Information display by transcriptional enhancers
Development, December 29, 2003; 130(26): 6569 - 6575.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. P. Lifanov, V. J. Makeev, A. G. Nazina, and D. A. Papatsenko
Homotypic Regulatory Clusters in Drosophila
Genome Res., April 1, 2003; 13(4): 579 - 588.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S. Kumar, K. Jayaraman, S. Panchanathan, R. Gurunathan, A. Marti-Subirana, and S. J. Newfeld
BEST: A Novel Computational Approach for Comparing Gene Expression Patterns From Early Stages of Drosophila melanogaster Development
Genetics, December 1, 2002; 162(4): 2037 - 2047.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

B. P. Berman, Y. Nibu, B. D. Pfeiffer, P. Tomancak, S. E. Celniker, M. Levine, G. M. Rubin, and M. B. Eisen
Exploiting transcription factor binding site clustering to identify cis-regulatory modules involved in pattern formation in the Drosophila genome
PNAS, January 22, 2002; 99(2): 757 - 762.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

L. P. M. Andrioli, V. Vasisht, E. Theodosopoulou, A. Oberstein, and S. Small
Anterior repression of a Drosophila stripe enhancer requires three position-specific mechanisms
Development, January 11, 2002; 129(21): 4931 - 4940.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

C. Zhao, A. York, F. Yang, D. J. Forsthoefel, V. Dave, D. Fu, D. Zhang, M. S. Corado, S. Small, M. A. Seeger, et al.
The activity of the Drosophila morphogenetic protein Bicoid is inhibited by a domain located outside its homeodomain
Development, January 4, 2002; 129(7): 1669 - 1680.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

J. Cowden and M. Levine
The Snail repressor positions Notch signaling in the Drosophila embryo
Development, January 4, 2002; 129(7): 1785 - 1793.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

H. Zhang, M. Levine, and H. L. Ashe
Brinker is a sequence-specific transcriptional repressor in the Drosophila embryo
Genes & Dev., February 1, 2001; 15(3): 261 - 266.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

C. Rushlow, P. F. Colosimo, M.-c. Lin, M. Xu, and N. Kirov
Transcriptional regulation of the Drosophila gene zen by competing Smad and Brinker inputs
Genes & Dev., February 1, 2001; 15(3): 340 - 351.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

S. A. Keller, Y. Mao, P. Struffi, C. Margulies, C. E. Yurk, A. R. Anderson, R. L. Amey, S. Moore, J. M. Ebels, K. Foley, et al.
dCtBP-Dependent and -Independent Repression Activities of the Drosophila Knirps Protein
Mol. Cell. Biol., October 1, 2000; 20(19): 7247 - 7258.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

E. A. Wimmer, A. Carleton, P. Harjes, T. Turner, and C. Desplan
bicoid-Independent Formation of Thoracic Segments in Drosophila
Science, March 31, 2000; 287(5462): 2476 - 2479.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

H. Ashe, M Mannervik, and M Levine
Dpp signaling thresholds in the dorsal ectoderm of the Drosophila embryo
Development, January 8, 2000; 127(15): 3305 - 3312.
[Abstract] [PDF]

M Fujioka, Y Emi-Sarker, G. Yusibova, T Goto, and J. Jaynes
Analysis of an even-skipped rescue transgene reveals both composite and discrete neuronal and early blastoderm enhancers, and multi-stripe positioning by gap gene repressor gradients
Development, January 6, 1999; 126(11): 2527 - 2538.
[Abstract] [PDF]

G. Hewitt, B. Strunk, C Margulies, T Priputin, X. Wang, R Amey, B. Pabst, D Kosman, J Reinitz, and D. Arnosti
Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila giant protein: cis element positioning provides an alternative means of interpreting an effector gradient
Development, January 3, 1999; 126(6): 1201 - 1210.
[Abstract] [PDF]

X Wu, R Vakani, and S Small
Two distinct mechanisms for differential positioning of gene expression borders involving the Drosophila gap protein giant
Development, January 10, 1998; 125(19): 3765 - 3774.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Y. Nibu and M. S. Levine
CtBP-dependent activities of the short-range Giant repressor in the Drosophila embryo
PNAS, May 22, 2001; 98(11): 6204 - 6208.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

This Article

Summary

Full Text (PDF)

Alert me when this article is cited

Alert me if a correction is posted

Services

Email this article to a friend

Similar articles in this journal

Similar articles in PubMed

Alert me to new issues of the journal

Download to citation manager

Citing Articles

Citing Articles via HighWire

Citing Articles via Google Scholar

Google Scholar

Articles by Kosman, D.

Articles by Small, S.

Search for Related Content

PubMed

PubMed Citation

Articles by Kosman, D.

Articles by Small, S.

Social Bookmarking

What's this?

				D. M. Tyler, K. Okamura, W.-J. Chung, J. W. Hagen, E. Berezikov, G. J. Hannon, and E. C. Lai Functionally distinct regulatory RNAs generated by bidirectional transcription and processing of microRNA loci Genes & Dev., January 1, 2008; 22(1): 26 - 36. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. M. Kulkarni and D. N. Arnosti cis-Regulatory Logic of Short-Range Transcriptional Repression in Drosophila melanogaster Mol. Cell. Biol., May 1, 2005; 25(9): 3411 - 3420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. L. Bullock, M. Stauber, A. Prell, J. R. Hughes, D. Ish-Horowicz, and U. Schmidt-Ott Differential cytoplasmic mRNA localisation adjusts pair-rule transcription factor activity to cytoarchitecture in dipteran evolution Development, September 1, 2004; 131(17): 4251 - 4261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Jaeger, M. Blagov, D. Kosman, K. N. Kozlov, Manu, E. Myasnikova, S. Surkova, C. E. Vanario-Alonso, M. Samsonova, D. H. Sharp, et al. Dynamical Analysis of Regulatory Interactions in the Gap Gene System of Drosophila melanogaster Genetics, August 1, 2004; 167(4): 1721 - 1737. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Struffi, M. Corado, M. Kulkarni, and D. N. Arnosti Quantitative contributions of CtBP-dependent and -independent repression activities of Knirps Development, May 15, 2004; 131(10): 2419 - 2429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. M. Kulkarni and D. N. Arnosti Information display by transcriptional enhancers Development, December 29, 2003; 130(26): 6569 - 6575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. P. Lifanov, V. J. Makeev, A. G. Nazina, and D. A. Papatsenko Homotypic Regulatory Clusters in Drosophila Genome Res., April 1, 2003; 13(4): 579 - 588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Kumar, K. Jayaraman, S. Panchanathan, R. Gurunathan, A. Marti-Subirana, and S. J. Newfeld BEST: A Novel Computational Approach for Comparing Gene Expression Patterns From Early Stages of Drosophila melanogaster Development Genetics, December 1, 2002; 162(4): 2037 - 2047. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. P. Berman, Y. Nibu, B. D. Pfeiffer, P. Tomancak, S. E. Celniker, M. Levine, G. M. Rubin, and M. B. Eisen Exploiting transcription factor binding site clustering to identify cis-regulatory modules involved in pattern formation in the Drosophila genome PNAS, January 22, 2002; 99(2): 757 - 762. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. P. M. Andrioli, V. Vasisht, E. Theodosopoulou, A. Oberstein, and S. Small Anterior repression of a Drosophila stripe enhancer requires three position-specific mechanisms Development, January 11, 2002; 129(21): 4931 - 4940. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Zhao, A. York, F. Yang, D. J. Forsthoefel, V. Dave, D. Fu, D. Zhang, M. S. Corado, S. Small, M. A. Seeger, et al. The activity of the Drosophila morphogenetic protein Bicoid is inhibited by a domain located outside its homeodomain Development, January 4, 2002; 129(7): 1669 - 1680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Cowden and M. Levine The Snail repressor positions Notch signaling in the Drosophila embryo Development, January 4, 2002; 129(7): 1785 - 1793. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Zhang, M. Levine, and H. L. Ashe Brinker is a sequence-specific transcriptional repressor in the Drosophila embryo Genes & Dev., February 1, 2001; 15(3): 261 - 266. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. Rushlow, P. F. Colosimo, M.-c. Lin, M. Xu, and N. Kirov Transcriptional regulation of the Drosophila gene zen by competing Smad and Brinker inputs Genes & Dev., February 1, 2001; 15(3): 340 - 351. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. A. Keller, Y. Mao, P. Struffi, C. Margulies, C. E. Yurk, A. R. Anderson, R. L. Amey, S. Moore, J. M. Ebels, K. Foley, et al. dCtBP-Dependent and -Independent Repression Activities of the Drosophila Knirps Protein Mol. Cell. Biol., October 1, 2000; 20(19): 7247 - 7258. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				E. A. Wimmer, A. Carleton, P. Harjes, T. Turner, and C. Desplan bicoid-Independent Formation of Thoracic Segments in Drosophila Science, March 31, 2000; 287(5462): 2476 - 2479. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				H. Ashe, M Mannervik, and M Levine Dpp signaling thresholds in the dorsal ectoderm of the Drosophila embryo Development, January 8, 2000; 127(15): 3305 - 3312. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M Fujioka, Y Emi-Sarker, G. Yusibova, T Goto, and J. Jaynes Analysis of an even-skipped rescue transgene reveals both composite and discrete neuronal and early blastoderm enhancers, and multi-stripe positioning by gap gene repressor gradients Development, January 6, 1999; 126(11): 2527 - 2538. [Abstract] [PDF]

				G. Hewitt, B. Strunk, C Margulies, T Priputin, X. Wang, R Amey, B. Pabst, D Kosman, J Reinitz, and D. Arnosti Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila giant protein: cis element positioning provides an alternative means of interpreting an effector gradient Development, January 3, 1999; 126(6): 1201 - 1210. [Abstract] [PDF]

				X Wu, R Vakani, and S Small Two distinct mechanisms for differential positioning of gene expression borders involving the Drosophila gap protein giant Development, January 10, 1998; 125(19): 3765 - 3774. [Abstract] [PDF]

				Y. Nibu and M. S. Levine CtBP-dependent activities of the short-range Giant repressor in the Drosophila embryo PNAS, May 22, 2001; 98(11): 6204 - 6208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]