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First published online 27 August 2003
doi: 10.1242/dev.00723
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1 Department of Anatomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
2 Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università di Pisa,
Via Carducci 13, 56010 Ghezzano, Pisa, Italy
Author for correspondence (e-mail:
harris{at}mole.bio.cam.ac.uk)
Accepted 4 July 2003
Several eye-field transcription factors (EFTFs) are expressed in the anterior region of the vertebrate neural plate and are essential for eye formation. The Xenopus EFTFs ET, Rx1, Pax6, Six3, Lhx2, tll and Optx2 are expressed in a dynamic, overlapping pattern in the presumptive eye field. Expression of an EFTF cocktail with Otx2 is sufficient to induce ectopic eyes outside the nervous system at high frequency. Using both cocktail subsets and functional (inductive) analysis of individual EFTFs, we have revealed a genetic network regulating vertebrate eye field specification. Our results support a model of progressive tissue specification in which neural induction then Otx2-driven neural patterning primes the anterior neural plate for eye field formation. Next, the EFTFs form a self-regulating feedback network that specifies the vertebrate eye field. We find striking similarities and differences to the network of homologous Drosophila genes that specify the eye imaginal disc, a finding that is consistent with the idea of a partial evolutionary conservation of eye formation.
Key words: Neural patterning, Eye field specification, Ectopic eye formation, Genetic network, Noggin, Otx2, ET, Rx1, Pax6, Six3, Lhx2, Tll, Optx2, Xenopus laevis, Transcription factor cocktails
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