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First published online 24 September 2003
doi: 10.1242/dev.00737

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GBP binds kinesin light chain and translocates during cortical rotation in Xenopus eggs

Carole Weaver^1,2, Gist H. Farr, III^1,*, Weijun Pan^3,*, Brian A. Rowning^4,*, Jiyong Wang³, Junhao Mao⁵, Dianqing Wu⁵, Lin Li³, Carolyn A. Larabell⁴ and David Kimelman^1,

¹ Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
² Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
³ State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, China
⁴ Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
⁵ Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CN 06030, USA

Author for correspondence (e-mail: kimelman{at}u.washington.edu)

Accepted 23 July 2003

In Xenopus, axis development is initiated by dorsally elevated levels of cytoplasmic ß-catenin, an intracellular factor regulated by GSK3 kinase activity. Upon fertilization, factors that increase ß-catenin stability are translocated to the prospective dorsal side of the embryo in a microtubule-dependent process. However, neither the identity of these factors nor the mechanism of their movement is understood. Here, we show that the GSK3 inhibitory protein GBP/Frat binds kinesin light chain (KLC), a component of the microtubule motor kinesin. Upon egg activation, GBP-GFP and KLC-GFP form particles and exhibit directed translocation. KLC, through a previously uncharacterized conserved domain, binds a region of GBP that is required for GBP translocation and for GSK3 binding, and competes with GSK3 for GBP. We propose a model in which conventional kinesin transports a GBP-containing complex to the future dorsal side, where GBP dissociates and contributes to the local stabilization of ß-catenin by binding and inhibiting GSK3.

Key words: Frat, Wnt pathway, Axis specification, Cortical rotation, Microtubules

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