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First published online 2 March 2005
doi: 10.1242/dev.01702
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B signalling regulates the growth of neural processes in the developing PNS and CNS
School of Biosciences, Biomedical Building, Museum Avenue, PO Box 911, Cardiff, CF10 3US, Wales
Author for correspondence (e-mail:
humberto.g{at}ed.ac.uk)
Accepted 5 January 2005
The proper growth and elaboration of neural processes is essential for the
establishment of a functional nervous system during development and is an
integral feature of neural plasticity throughout life. Nuclear factor-kappa B
(NF-
B) is classically known for its ubiquitous roles in inflammation,
immune and stress-related responses and regulation of cell survival in all
tissues, including the nervous system. NF-B participation in other
cellular processes remains poorly understood. Here we report a mechanism for
controlling the growth of neural processes in developing peripheral and
central neurons involving the transcription factor NF-B. Inhibiting
NF-B activation with super-repressor IB-
, BAY 11 7082
(IB- phosphorylation inhibitor) or N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal
(proteosomal degradation inhibitor), or inhibiting NF-B transcriptional
activity with B decoy DNA substantially reduced the size and complexity
of the neurite arbors of sensory neurons cultured with brain-derived
neurotrophic factor while having no effect on their survival. NF-B
exerted this effect during a restricted period of development following the
phase of naturally occurring neuronal death when the processes and connections
of the remaining neurons are extensively modified and refined. Inhibiting
NF-B activation or NF-B transcriptional activity in layer 2
pyramidal neurons in postnatal somatosensory cortical slices reduced dendritic
arbor size and complexity. This function of NF-B has important
implications for neural development and may provide an explanation for
reported involvement of NF-B in learning and memory.
Key words: NF-B, Axon, Dendrite, BDNF, Pyramidal neuron, Sensory neuron, Mouse
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