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First published online 14 June 2006
doi: 10.1242/dev.02426

Development 133, 2731-2745 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
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Neural tube derived signals and Fgf8 act antagonistically to specify eye versus mandibular arch muscles

Gudrun von Scheven, Lúcia E. Alvares*, Roy C. Mootoosamy{dagger} and Susanne Dietrich§

King's College London, Department of Craniofacial Development, Floor 27 Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK.

§ Author for correspondence (e-mail: susanne.dietrich{at}kcl.ac.uk)

Accepted 3 May 2006

Recent knockout experiments in the mouse generated amazing craniofacial skeletal muscle phenotypes. Yet none of the genes could be placed into a molecular network, because the programme to control the development of muscles in the head is not known. Here we show that antagonistic signals from the neural tube and the branchial arches specify extraocular versus branchiomeric muscles. Moreover, we identified Fgf8 as the branchial arch derived signal. However, this molecule has an additional function in supporting the proliferative state of myoblasts, suppressing their differentiation, while a further branchial arch derived signal, namely Bmp7, is an overall negative regulator of head myogenesis.

Key words: Chick, Quail, Embryo, Head mesoderm, Skeletal muscles, Eye muscles, Lateral rectus, Branchiomeric muscles, Mandibular arch, Jaw muscles, Lbx1, Paraxis, En2, Myf5, MyoR, Fgf8, Bmp7




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