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First published online 10 July 2006
doi: 10.1242/dev.02467
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1 The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and
Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN,
UK.
2 Centre for the Molecular Genetics of Development, Research School of
Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200,
Australia.
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: ahb{at}mole.bio.cam.ac.uk)
Accepted 30 May 2006
Fes/Fer non-receptor tyrosine kinases regulate cell adhesion and cytoskeletal reorganisation through the modification of adherens junctions. Unregulated Fes/Fer kinase activity has been shown to lead to tumours in vivo. Here, we show that Drosophila Fer localises to adherens junctions in the dorsal epidermis and regulates a major morphological event, dorsal closure. Mutations in Src42A cause defects in dorsal closure similar to those seen in dfer mutant embryos. Furthermore, Src42A mutations enhance the dfer mutant phenotype, suggesting that Src42A and DFer act in the same cellular process. We show that DFer is required for the formation of the actin cable in leading edge cells and for normal rates of dorsal closure. We have isolated a gain-of-function mutation in dfer (dfergof) that expresses an N-terminally fused form of the protein, similar to oncogenic forms of vertebrate Fer. dfergof blocks dorsal closure and causes axon misrouting. We find that in dfer loss-of-function mutants ß-catenin is hypophosphorylated, whereas in dfergof ß-catenin is hyperphosphorylated. Phosphorylated ß-catenin is removed from adherens junctions and degraded, thus implicating DFer in the regulation of adherens junctions.
Key words: Drosophila, Fes, Fer, Tyrosine kinase, Src, Adherens junction, Dorsal closure, ß-catenin
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