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First published online 1 March 2006
doi: 10.1242/dev.02307
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1 Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Osaka University
Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
2 Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue
Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical
and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
3 Department of Oral Anatomy II, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University,
Morioka, Japan.
4 Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering,
University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: hide-h{at}dent.osaka-u.ac.jp)
Accepted 2 February 2006
Mouse, rat and human molars begin to form root after the completion of crown formation. In these teeth, fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) 10 disappears in the transitional stage from crown formation to root. By contrast, rodent incisors and vole molars demonstrate continuous growth, owing to the formation and maintenance of a stem cell compartment by the constant expression of Fgf10. To clarify the relationship between root formation and disappearance of Fgf10, we carried out two experiments for the loss and gain of Fgf10 function. First, we examined postnatal growth in the incisors of Fgf10-deficient mice, which have the defect of a dental epithelial stem cell compartment referred to as `apical bud', after implantation under the kidney capsule. The growth at the labial side in the mutant mice mimics the development of limited-growth teeth. 5'-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling and cytokeratin (CK) 14 and Notch2 immunostaining suggested that the inhibition of inner enamel epithelium growth and the more-active proliferation of the outer enamel epithelium and/or stellate reticulum result in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath formation. Second, we examined the effects of Fgf10 overexpression in the transitional stage of molar germs, which led to the formation of apical bud involving in the inhibition of HERS formation. Taken together, these results suggest that the disappearance of Fgf10 signaling leads to the transition from crown to root formation, owing to the loss of a dental epithelial stem cell compartment.
Key words: Fibroblast growth factor 10, Apical bud, Inner enamel epithelium, Outer enamel epithelium, Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS)
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