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First published online 22 March 2006
doi: 10.1242/dev.02342

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FGF8 spliceforms mediate early mesoderm and posterior neural tissue formation in Xenopus

¹ Division of Genetics, Genomics and Development, Center for Integrative Genomics, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
² Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: harland{at}socrates.berkeley.edu)

Accepted 27 February 2006

The relative contributions of different FGF ligands and spliceforms to mesodermal and neural patterning in Xenopus have not been determined, and alternative splicing, though common, is a relatively unexplored area in development. We present evidence that FGF8 performs a dual role in X. laevis and X. tropicalis early development. There are two FGF8 spliceforms, FGF8a and FGF8b, which have very different activities. FGF8b is a potent mesoderm inducer, while FGF8a has little effect on the development of mesoderm. When mammalian FGF8 spliceforms are analyzed in X. laevis, the contrast in activity is conserved. Using a loss-of-function approach, we demonstrate that FGF8 is necessary for proper gastrulation and formation of mesoderm and that FGF8b is the predominant FGF8 spliceform involved in early mesoderm development in Xenopus. Furthermore, FGF8 signaling is necessary for proper posterior neural formation; loss of either FGF8a or a reduction in both FGF8a and FGF8b causes a reduction in the hindbrain and spinal cord domains.

Key words: FGF, FGF8, FGF8a, FGF8b, FGF8f, Mesoderm, Neural, Patterning, Spliceforms, FGF8 isoforms, Alternative spliceforms, Xenopus, Hindbrain, Spinal cord

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