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First published online 21 December 2006
doi: 10.1242/dev.02742
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1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical
School, Jerusalem 91120 - PO Box 12272, Israel.
2 Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, RWTH
Aachen, 52074, Germany.
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: kalcheim{at}nn-shum.cc.huji.ac.il)
Accepted 9 November 2006
During neural crest ontogeny, an epithelial to mesenchymal transition is necessary for cell emigration from the dorsal neural tube. This process is likely to involve a network of gene activities, which remain largely unexplored. We demonstrate that N-cadherin inhibits the onset of crest delamination both by a cell adhesion-dependent mechanism and by repressing canonical Wnt signaling previously found to be necessary for crest delamination by acting downstream of BMP4. Furthermore, N-cadherin protein, but not mRNA, is normally downregulated along the dorsal tube in association with the onset of crest delamination, and we find that this process is triggered by BMP4. BMP4 stimulates cleavage of N-cadherin into a soluble cytoplasmic fragment via an ADAM10-dependent mechanism. Intriguingly, when overexpressed, the cytoplasmic N-cadherin fragment translocates into the nucleus, stimulates cyclin D1 transcription and crest delamination, while enhancing transcription of ß-catenin. CTF2 also rescues the mesenchymal phenotype of crest cells in ADAM10-inhibited neural primordia. Hence, by promoting its cleavage, BMP4 converts N-cadherin inhibition into an activity that is likely to participate, along with canonical Wnt signaling, in the stimulation of neural crest emigration.
Key words: Adherens junctions, ß-catenin, Cell cycle, Epithelial to mesenchymal transition, Wnt, Quail
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